洛克斐勒(1839～1937年)

Rockefeller, John D(avison)

美国实业家、慈善家。1853年随家迁往克利夫兰。於1859年开设经营乾草、谷物、肉类及其它货物的代办所。1863年建立炼油厂，并使其很快成为当地最大的炼油厂。1870年与人合办俄亥俄标准石油公司和托拉斯。他通过收买竞争对手的全部产权，实现了对克利夫兰（1872）乃至後来对全美炼油业（1882）的控制。发行公司股票，并在其他州设立分支机构，这些机构一律受董事会监管。在美国建立起第一家主要的信托公司。後因反托拉斯诉讼，而将信托公司该组为控股公司。1890年代，开始将注意力转向慈善事业，先後建立了芝加哥大学（1892），洛克斐勒医学研究所（1901，後来的洛克斐勒大学）以及洛克斐勒基金会洛克斐勒基金会（1913）。生前捐款逾五亿美元。其子洛克斐勒（1874～1960）以及其他子孙将他的慈善事业延续下去。

English version：

1839～1937年

Rockefeller, John D(avison)

U.S. industrialist and philanthropist. Born in Richford, N.Y., he moved with his family to Cleveland in 1853. In 1859 he established a commission business dealing in hay, grain, meats, and other goods. In 1863 he built an oil refinery that soon was the largest in the area. With a few associates he incorporated Standard Oil Co. (Ohio) in 1870. He bought out competitors to control the oil-refinery business in Cleveland (1872) and in the U.S. (1882). He placed the stock of the company and its affiliates in other states under control of a board of trustees, establishing the first major U.S. business trust company. As a result of antitrust proceedings, he later converted the trust into a holding company. In the 1890s he turned his attention to philanthropy. He founded the University of Chicago in 1892, the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (later Rockefeller Univ.) in 1901, and the Rockefeller Foundation in 1913. He donated over $500 million in his lifetime, and his philanthropy continued through donations by his son John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (1874-1960), and other descendants.