摩纳哥(Monaco)

正式名称为摩纳哥公国（Principality of Monaco）

地中海沿岸近法－义边界的独立君主国。面积约1.9平方公里。人口约31,800（2001）。居民大多是法国公民，有少数义大利人。只有约15%为摩纳哥後裔。语言︰法语（官方语）。宗教：天主教。货币︰法郎（F）。该地区史前时代便有人居住，主要有腓尼基人、希腊人、迦太基人和罗马人。1191年热那亚人占据此地；1297年起格里马尔迪家族开始其长期统治。除1524～1641年间受西班牙的保护外，格里马尔迪家族一直与法国结盟。1793年摩纳哥被法国吞并，拿破仑垮台後，格里马尔迪家族又回到摩纳哥。1815年受萨丁尼亚保护。根据1861年的协定摩纳哥将芒通和罗克布吕讷两城镇割让给法国，摩纳哥同时获得独立。摩纳哥是欧洲最豪华的观光胜地，特别是蒙地卡罗的赌博中心、国际赛车比赛和海滩。现今统治者雷尼尔三世於1997年庆祝格里马尔迪家族统治摩纳哥七百年。

English version：

Monaco

Independent principality, on the Mediterranean Sea near the France-Italy border. Area: .73 sq mi (1.9 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 32,000. The majority of Monaco's population is composed of French citizens, with a small minority of Italians. Less than 15% are of Monagesque descent. Language: French (official). Religion: Roman Catholicism. Currency: French franc. Inhabited since prehistoric times, the area was known to the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, and Romans. In 1191 the Genoese took possession of it; in 1297 the reign of the Grimaldi family began. The Grimaldis allied themselves with France except for the period 1524-1641, when they were under the protection of Spain. France annexed Monaco in 1793, and it remained under French control until the fall of Napoleon, when the Grimaldis returned. In 1815 it was put under the protection of Sardinia. A treaty in 1861 called for the sale of the towns of Menton and Roquebrune to France and the establishment of Monaco's independence. Monaco is one of Europe's most luxurious resorts, known for its Monte Carlo gambling center, international sports car races, and beaches. In 1997 the 700-year rule of the Grimaldis, now under Prince Rainier, was celebrated.

参考文章

• 摩纳哥、冰岛、马耳他、美国的由来世界史