巴黎公社(1871年3月18日～5月28日)

Paris Commune，亦作Commune of Paris。

在巴黎爆发的反对法国政府的暴动。法国在经历普法战争的失败後，第二帝国也随之崩溃，巴黎的共和党人担心国民议会的保守派将试图复辟。3月18日巴黎国民自卫军拒绝接受解除武装的命令，并在革命派赢得市政选举後，成立了公社政府。各党派（包括雅各宾派）希望巴黎公社能控制革命（就像在法国大革命中与其同名的公社带头领导一样）；蒲鲁东派，即蒲鲁东的社会主义追随者，主张建设公社联盟；布朗基派，即布朗基的社会主义追随者，主张采取暴力行动。政府军队很快镇压法国各地的公社组织，并於5月21日挺进巴黎。巴黎公社的拥护者筑起街垒，并烧毁公共建筑，包括土伊勒里宫。在一番战斗後，大约有20,000名肇事者和750名政府军士兵丧生。其後政府采取残酷的镇压手段，逮捕了38,000名嫌疑犯，7,000多人被流放。

English version：

1871年3月18日～5月28日

Paris Commune

Insurrection of Paris against the French government. After France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War and the collapse of the Second Empire, the republican Parisians feared that the conservative majority in the National Assembly would restore the monarchy. On March 18 the National Guard in Paris resisted orders to disarm, and after municipal elections were won by the revolutionaries, they formed the Commune government. Factions included the so-called Jacobins, who wanted the Paris Commune to control the revolution (as its namesake had in the French Revolution); the Proudhonists, socialist followers of Pierre Joseph Proudhon who supported a federation of communes; and the Blanquistes, socialist followers of Louis Auguste Blanqui who demanded violent action. Government forces quickly suppressed communes elsewhere in France, then entered Paris on May 21. In a week of fierce fighting, they crushed the Communards, who had set up barricades in the streets and burned public buildings, including the Tuileries Palace. About 20,000 insurrectionists and 750 government troops were killed. In the aftermath, the government took harsh repressive action; 38,000 suspects were arrested and over 7,000 were deported.