罗斯金(1819～1900年)

Ruskin, John

英国艺术评论家。出生於富裕家庭，主要在家里受教育。他是一个有天赋的画家，但最好的部分转向了写作。他的多卷本《现代画家》（1843～1860），原本计画为对透纳的维护，却扩展成为对艺术的总体考察。他在特纳身上看到了风景画里「忠实於自然」的思想，便继续在哥德建筑中寻找同样的真实性。他的其他着作还有《建筑的七盏灯》（1849）和《威尼斯的石头》（1851～1853）。他是前拉斐尔派的维护者。1869年他被选为牛津的高雅艺术的第一个史莱得教授。1879年惠斯勒赢得对他的诽谤诉讼案後，他引退了。罗斯金的个人生活杂乱无章。他的婚姻从来没有圆满过，他的妻子获得婚姻无效的判决後，嫁给了米雷。晚期他使用继承的财富促进理想主义的社会事业，虽然他强而有力的文辞仍旧具有惊人的洞察力，但被固执和偶尔的语无伦次所破坏。罗斯金仍是19世纪英国的卓越的艺术评论家。

English version：

1819～1900年

Ruskin, John

English art critic. Born into a wealthy family, Ruskin was largely educated at home. He was a gifted painter but the best of his talent went into his writing. His multivolume [book]Modern Painters (1843-60), planned as a defense of J.M.W. Turner, expanded to become a general survey of art. In Turner he saw “truth to nature” in landscape painting, and he went on to find the same truthfulness in Gothic architecture. His other writings include [book]The Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849) and [book]The Stones of Venice (1851-53). He was a defender of the Pre-Raphaelites. In 1869 he was elected Oxford's first Slade professor of fine art; he resigned in 1879 after James M. Whistler won a libel suit against him. Ruskin's personal life was troubled. His marriage was never consummated, and his wife obtained an annulment to marry John Everett Millais. In later years he used his inherited wealth to promote idealistic social causes, but his powerful rhetoric, which still contained striking insights, became marred by bigotry and occasional incoherence. Ruskin remains the preeminent art critic of 19th-century Britain.