维也纳(Vienna)

奥地利首都。临多瑙河。塞尔特人建立居住点。西元前1世纪成为古罗马人的战略重镇。曾被法兰克人（6世纪）和马札儿人（10世纪）统治。十字军时期为重要的贸易中心。为神圣罗马帝国（1558～1806）、奥地利（和哈布斯堡王朝）帝国（1806～1867）和奥匈帝国（1867～1918）的都城。1814～1815年在此地举行维也纳会议。1938～1945年为德奥的行政中心。第二次世界大战期间，多次被盟军轰炸。1945年被苏军占领。1945～1955年由苏联－西方联盟占领。1970年代美国与苏联的限制战略武器谈判在此地举行。维也纳是奥地利的商业和工业中心，也是文化中心；以建筑和音乐闻名。是作曲家舒伯特、小史特劳斯和荀白克的出生地，是莫札特、贝多芬、布拉姆斯和马勒的故乡。也是弗洛伊德、克林姆（画家）、考考斯卡（画家）和霍夫曼（建筑师）的故乡。面积︰城市415平方公里；都会区3,862平方公里。城市人口约1,609,631（1999）。

English version：

Vienna

City (pop., 1992 est.: 1,560,000), capital of Austria. Located on the Danube River, it was founded by the Celts; it became a Roman military station in the 1st century BC. Ruled by many, including the Franks in the 6th century AD and the Magyars in the 10th century, it was an important trade center during the Crusades. It was the seat of the Holy Roman Empire 1558-1806, of the Austrian (and Habsburg) empire 1806-67, and of the Austro-Hungarian empire until 1918. In 1814-15 it was the seat of the Congress of Vienna. The administrative center of German Austria 1938-45, it was frequently bombed during World War II by the Allies, and was taken by Soviet troops in 1945. It was under joint Soviet-Western Allied occupation 1945-55. The Strategic Arms Limitations Talks (SALT) between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. took place there in the 1970s. The commercial and industrial center of Austria, it also is a cultural center renowned for its architecture and music. It was the birthplace of the composers F. Schubert, Johann, Jr. Strauss, and A. Schoenberg, and the home of W.A. Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, J. Brahms, and G. Mahler. It also was the home of Sigmund Freud, Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoschka, and Josef Hoffmann.

参考文章

• 维也纳舞会节的由来美术与音乐
• 为什么称维也纳是"音乐城"美术与音乐