查理帕克(1920～1955年)

Parker, Charlie，原名Charles Christopher。

美国萨克管演奏家和作曲家，现代爵士乐酷派（bebop）风格的始祖，爵士音乐史上最杰出的即兴演奏家之一。在到纽约领导自己的小乐团之前曾与麦克沙恩（Jay McShann）的大乐队（1940～1942）、海因斯的乐队（1942～1944）和埃克斯坦的乐队（1944）合作演出（1940年代初期的别名菜鸟〔Yardbird〕，又被简称为鸟，之後一生皆用此名）。1940年代中期与吉莱斯皮密切合作，发行了一系列小乐队的唱片，这些唱片表明咆哮乐已由摇摆乐时代後期的即席创作发展为成熟的音乐风格。他将直接、短促的音调和空前的灵巧运用於次高音萨克管，这种手法发展迅速，几乎引起咆哮乐传统曲风的恐慌。他全面的、敏感而又和谐的理解力为音乐带来一股清新之风。他无疑是当时最具影响力的爵士音乐家，但他吸毒成瘾，壮年早逝，使他成为一悲剧性的传奇人物。

English version：

1920～1955年

Parker, Charlie

U.S. saxophonist and composer, one of the originators of bebop and among the greatest improvisers in jazz. Born in Kansas City, Parker played with Jay McShann's big band (1940-42) and those of Earl Hines (1942-44) and Billy Eckstine (1944) before leading his own small groups in New York. (A nickname acquired in the early 1940s, Yardbird, was shortened to Bird and used throughout his career.) Parker frequently worked with Dizzy Gillespie in the mid-1940s, making a series of small-group recordings that heralded the arrival of bebop as a mature outgrowth of the improvisation of the late swing era. His direct, cutting tone and unprecedented dexterity on the alto saxophone made rapid tempos and fast flurries of notes trademarks of bebop, and his complex, subtle harmonic understanding brought an altogether new sound to the music. Easily the most influential jazz musician of his generation, his chronic drug addiction and early death contributed to making him a tragic legend.