救星托勒密一世(前365年～西元前283/282年)

Ptolemy I Soter

埃及统治者（西元前323～西元前285年）和托勒密王朝的建立者。为亚历山大大帝的马其顿将军，在亚历山大死後和其他将军分割了帝国，成为埃及总督。亚历山大的後继者马上发起战争。虽然他和其他人反击了安提哥那一世对埃及的进攻，但在西元前306年托勒密仍被安提哥那打败。在罗得岛战中（西元前304年）击败了安提哥那後，获得救星的称号，但直到西元前301年的伊普苏斯战役中安提哥那才最终被征服。托勒密透过联盟和婚姻确保并扩展了他的王国。他和其後继国王赢得了对马其顿的德米特里一世的最後一战的胜利（西元前288～西元前286年），将雅典从马其顿的占领下解放了出来。他获得了岛上居民联盟（包括了爱琴海的大部分岛屿）的控制权，这形成了埃及海上霸权的基础。作为国王他尊重埃及文化，融合希腊和埃及民族和宗教，成立了亚历山大里亚图书馆和博物馆。死後埃及人将他尊奉为神。由儿子托勒密二世继承了他的王位。

English version：

前365年～西元前283/282年

Ptolemy I Soter

Ruler of Egypt (323-285) and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty. A Macedonian general of Alexander the Great, he and the other generals divided the empire after Alexander's death, Ptolemy becoming satrap of Egypt. Alexander's successors were soon at war. Ptolemy was defeated in 306 by Antigonus I Monophthalmus, though he and the others rebuffed Antigonus' attack on Egypt. He earned the name Soter (“Savior”) after defeating Antigonus on Rhodes (304), but Antigonus was not finally crushed until 301 at the Battle of Ipsus. Ptolemy secured and expanded his empire through alliances and marriages. He and his fellow kings won a final war (288-286) against Demetrius of Macedonia, freeing Athens from Macedonian occupation. He obtained control of the League of Islanders (including most of the Aegean islands), which formed the basis of Egypt's maritime supremacy. As king he respected Egyptian culture, blended Greek and Egyptian peoples and religions, and founded the Library and Museum of Alexandria. After his death the Egyptians raised him to the level of a god. He was succeeded by his son, Ptolemy II Philadelphus.