直觉主义(intuitionism)

荷兰数学家布劳尔（1881～1966）开启的数学思想学派。直觉主义坚决主张数学论轮的主要目的是心智的建构。直觉主义人士挑战许多数学最古老的定律，若没有建设性就不具数学意义。例如直觉主义人士在涉及无限集合的数学证明之中不容许使用排中律（参阅thought, laws of）。在後设伦理上（参阅ethics），直觉主义是一种认知论，坚持有客观存在的道德真理，用合理的直觉可以去理解，正如在数学上确认的一些不言而喻的真理。寇德华斯、摩尔（1614～1687）与克拉克（1675～1729）等人说明在事件与行动之间的恰当与否的道德判断是来自理智的直觉。伦理学的直觉主义由一些着名的思想家支持，例如普来斯（1723～1791）；在20世纪则与普里查德（1871～1947）和罗斯的研究联想在一起。

English version：

intuitionism

School of mathematical thought introduced by the Dutch mathematician Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer (1881-1966). It contends that the primary objects of mathematical discourse are mental constructions. Intuitionists have challenged many of the oldest principles of mathematics as being nonconstructive and hence mathematically meaningless. For example, intuitionists do not admit the use of the law of excluded middle (see laws of thought) in mathematical proofs in which all members of an infinite class are involved. In metaethics (see ethics), intuitionism is a form of cognitivism that maintains that there are objective moral truths that can be known by a kind of rational intuition akin to that by which we recognize self-evident truths in mathematics. Ralph Cudworth, Henry More (1614-1687), and Samuel Clarke (1675-1729) asserted that moral distinctions arise from an intellectual intuition of "fitness or unfitness" between circumstances and actions. Ethical intuitionism attracted the support of a line of distinguished thinkers, including Richard Price (1723-1791); in the 20th century, it was associated with the work of Harold Arthur Prichard (1871-1947) and W. D. Ross.

参考文章

• 直觉主义的基本假设经济百科
• 直觉主义的概述经济百科
• 直觉主义不包含对动机的判断经济百科
• 直觉主义的方法经济百科
• 直觉主义的表现形式和特性经济百科
• 直觉主义的概念经济百科