麦克阿瑟(1880～1964年)

MacArthur, Douglas

美国五星上将。是亚瑟.麦克阿瑟将军（1845～1912）之子。毕业於西点军校，後出任西点军校校长（1919～1922）。他在军中步步高升成为将军和陆军参谋长（1930～1935）。1932年率军驱逐补助金大军。1937年受命指挥菲律宾军队。第二次世界大战爆发後，再次被徵召上战场，率领菲律宾与美军联合部队在菲律宾防御日军，但不幸失守败给日军（1942）。随後被调往澳大利亚，担任南太平洋盟军总司令，并且一如他向菲律宾人民所承诺的「我会再回来」，果然於1944年解放菲律宾。很快升为陆军上将，1945年9月2日代表盟国接受日本投降。他以盟军最高统帅的身分执行战後占领日本的任务（1945～1951），在占领期间，他重建经济且起草民主宪法。1950年韩战爆发，他奉命指挥联合国军队，遏阻北韩军队进攻。他极力主张轰炸中国大陆，但遭杜鲁门总统拒绝，杜鲁门并将麦克阿瑟撤职。他返回美国时，受到英雄式的欢迎，虽然许多人为他的本位主义感到惋惜。他曾二度（1948、1952）认真考虑代表共和党参选总统。

English version：

1880～1964年

MacArthur, Douglas

U.S. general. Born in Little Rock, Ark., son of Gen. Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912), he graduated from West Point, of which he became superintendent (1919-22). He rose through the ranks to become general and army chief of staff (1930-35). In 1932 he commanded the troops that evicted the Bonus Army. In 1937 he took over command of the Philippine military. He was recalled to active duty when World War II broke out. He led the combined Philippine-U.S. forces in the Philippines until it was overrun by the Japanese (1942). From Australia, he commanded U.S. forces in the South Pacific and directed the recapture of strategic islands, returning as promised (“I shall return”) to liberate the Philippines in 1944. Promoted to general of the army, he received Japan's surrender on September 2, 1945. As Allied commander of the postwar Occupation of Japan (1945-51), he directed the restoration of its economy and the drafting of a democratic constitution. When the Korean War began in 1950, he was selected to command UN forces and stemmed the advance of North Korean troops. His desire to bomb China was rejected by Pres. H. Truman; when MacArthur made the dispute public, Truman relieved him of his command for insubordination. He returned to the U.S. to a hero's welcome, though many deplored his egoism. He was twice (1948, 1952) seriously considered for the Republican nomination for president.