罗马式建筑(Romanesque architecture)

盛行於欧洲11世纪中叶到哥德式建筑出现之前的建筑风格。一种融合罗马、查理曼及奥图曼、拜占庭以及德国地方传统的建筑形式，是10～11世纪修行极致扩张的产物。极大的教堂得以容纳大量修道士以及僧侣，及前来目睹圣迹的朝圣者。为了防止火灾，粗石开始取代木造结构。罗马式教堂的特徵融合了半圆形状的窗户、门以及走廊；隧道式走廊或拱顶支撑中堂的屋顶；巨大的墙柱及墙面只用很少的窗户，包裹住向露出的天空开展的半圆形拱顶；两侧边廊上嵌有阳台，一个大塔横跨半圆形顶棚及左右两翼；较小的塔则位於教堂西侧尽头。法国教堂则常在早期基督教巴西利卡的规划上扩充，结合放射状礼拜堂以容纳更多僧侣，走廊环绕着方便朝拜者的後堂内殿，耳堂（transept）连接内殿及主殿。

English version：

Romanesque architecture

Architecture current in Europe from about the mid-11th century to the advent of Gothic architecture. A fusion of Roman, Carolingian and Ottonian, Byzantine, and local Germanic traditions, it was a product of the great expansion of monasticism in the 10th-11th century. Larger churches were needed to accommodate the numerous monks and priests, as well as the pilgrims who came to view saints' relics. For the sake of fire resistance, masonry vaulting began to replace timber construction. Romanesque churches characteristically incorporated semicircular arches for windows, doors, and arcades; barrel or groin vaults to support the roof of the nave; massive piers and walls, with few windows, to contain the outward thrust of the vaults; side aisles with galleries above them; a large tower over the crossing of nave and transept; and smaller towers at the church's western end. French churches commonly expanded on the early Christian basilica plan, incorporating radiating chapels to accommodate more priests, ambulatories around the sanctuary apse for visiting pilgrims, and large transepts between the sanctuary and nave.