鲍林(1901～1994年)

Pauling, Linus (Carl)

美国化学家。在加州理工学院获得博士学位，1931年在该大学任教。他最早把量子力学原理应用到分子结构研究上，并卓有成效地利用了X射线衍射、电子衍射、磁效应及热效应来计算化学键之间原子间的距离和键角。着作《化学键的本性以及分子结晶的结构》（1939）成为20世纪最具影响力的化学教科书之一。他是美国化学界诺贝尔奖的「朗缪尔奖」的第一位获得者（1931），後来也成为路易斯奖章的首次得奖人（1951），并在1954年获得诺贝尔化学奖。1962年代表他的研究成果的核子武器控制方法以及反核子试验使他获得了诺贝尔和平奖，成为了第一位两次单独获得诺贝尔奖的人。在接下来的年月里，他致力於研究如何防止和治疗因过度摄取维生素和矿物质而导致的疾病，尤其是维生素C摄食过量问题。

English version：

1901～1994年

Pauling, Linus (Carl)

U.S. chemist. Born in Portland, Ore., he received his doctorate from the California Institute of Technology and became a professor there in 1931. He was one of the first researchers to apply quantum mechanics to the study of molecular structures; to calculate interatomic distances and the angles between chemical bonds (see bonding), he effectively used X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, magnetic effects, and the heat of reaction. His book The Nature of the Chemical Bond, and the Sturcture of Molecules and Crystals (1939) became one of the century's most influential chemistry texts. He was the first recipient of the American Chemical Society's Langmuir Prize (1931), and later the first recipient of its Lewis medal (1951), and in 1954 he received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. In 1962 his efforts on behalf of control of nuclear weapons and against nuclear testing brought him the Nobel Peace Prize, making him the first recipient of two unshared Nobel Prizes. In later years he devoted himself to the study of the prevention and treatment of illness by taking high doses of vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin C.