脊髓(spinal cord)

身体的主要神经束，约45公分长，从脑底部起贯穿脊柱。外覆脑膜，受脑脊液保护。连接周边神经系统（脑部和脊髓外表）和脑部，与脑部一起组成中枢神经系统。感觉刺激通过脊髓传到脑部，脑部的刺激通过脊髓向下传导到运动神经元，再通过周边神经到达身体的肌肉和腺体。周边神经通过脊髓神经和脊髓相连。人类有31对包含感觉和运动纤维的脊髓神经，产生於脊髓，在脊骨间新陈代谢，这些神经分出和接替运动冲动到达身体所有部分。脊髓损伤可能导致脑部间丧失交流，引起靠被损区域的范围服务的身体某些部分的麻痹、知觉丧失和衰弱。因为神经细胞和纤维是不能自我再生的，这些後果通常就会永远存在。

English version：

spinal cord

Body's major nerve tract, about 18 in. (45 cm) long, running from the base of the brain through the vertebral column. It is covered by the meninges and cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid. It connects the peripheral nervous system (outside the brain and spinal cord) to the brain, and it and the brain thus constitute the central nervous system. Sensory impulses reach the brain via the spinal cord, and impulses from the brain travel down the spinal cord to motor neurons, which reach the body's muscles and glands via the peripheral nerves. The peripheral nerves are connected to the spinal cord via the spinal nerves. In humans there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves containing both sensory and motor fibers, which originate in the spinal cord and pass out between the vertebrae. These nerves branch and relay motor impulses to all parts of the body. Injury to the spinal cord may result in loss of communication between the brain and cause paralysis, loss of sensation, or weakness in the parts of the body served by areas below the injured region. Because nerve cells and fibers are unable to regenerate themselves, the effects are usually permanent.

参考文章

• 鸡的脑脊髓炎鸡
• 肉仔鸡传染性脑脊髓炎诊断法鸡
• 麻鸡脑脊髓炎病例鸡
• 一起青年鸡感染脑脊髓炎的诊断鸡
• 鸡传染性脑脊髓炎鸡
• 脑脊髓炎有哪些症状鸡
• 产蛋鸡传染性脑脊髓炎的诊断与防治鸡
• 在什么情况下应考虑患了脊髓灰质炎皮肤科与传染
• 脊髓灰质炎是怎样引起的皮肤科与传染
• 鸡传染性脑脊髓炎的诊治鸡