新古典建筑(Neoclassical architecture)

18世纪和19世纪早期的现代古典主义（以其当时所流传的名称）。此一运动关注於整个古典体式（volumes）的逻辑，而非古典复生主义（参阅Greek Revival）倾向重新使用古典的成份。新古典建筑的特色是宏伟的规模；几何形式的素朴性；希腊（尤其是多利斯型的，参阅order）和罗马的细节；采用引人注目的圆柱；对於空白墙壁的偏好。对於古代素朴风格的新的趣味，反映一般对过度的洛可可风格（Rococo style）的反动。新古典主义在美国和欧洲颇为兴盛，几乎每个主要的城市都有范例出现。俄罗斯的凯萨琳二世，如当时任何一位法国或英国的作品所提倡的一般，将圣彼得堡（St. Petersburg）改造成一个新古典建筑无可伦比的收藏地。不到1800年，几乎全部新的英国建筑都反映出新古代的精神（参阅Adam, Robert、Soane, John）。法国最大胆的创新者是勒杜，他在新古典建筑的发展中扮演核心性的角色。在美国，新古典主义在整个19世纪继续繁盛。

English version：

Neoclassical architecture

Modern classicism (as it was known at the time) of the 18th and early 19th century. The movement concerned itself with the logic of entire Classical volumes, unlike Classical Revivalism (see Greek Revival), which tended to reuse Classical parts. Neoclassical architecture is characterized by grandeur of scale; simplicity of geometric forms; Greek, especially Doric (see order), or Roman detail; dramatic use of columns; and a preference for blank walls. The new taste for antique simplicity represented a general reaction to the excesses of Rococo style. Neoclassicism thrived in the U.S. and Europe, with examples occurring in almost every major city. Russia's Catherine II transformed St. Petersburg into an unparalleled collection of Neoclassical buildings as advanced as any contemporary French and English work. By 1800 nearly all new British architecture reflected the Neoclassical spirit (see Robert Adam, John Soane). France's boldest innovator was C.-N. Ledoux, who had a central role in the evolution of Neoclassical architecture. In the U.S., Neoclassicism continued to flourish throughout the 19th century.