美索不达米亚宗教(Mesopotamian religions)

指苏美人、阿卡德人以及他们的後继者（即居住在古美索不达米亚的巴比伦人和亚述人）的宗教信仰和仪式。苏美诸神通常和自然界各方面有关，如土地肥沃和家畜兴旺。亚述和巴比伦尼亚的神并没有取代苏美和阿卡德的神，而是逐渐被同化入旧的体系。在美索不达米亚众神中最重要的有天神安努、水神恩基（Enki）、地神恩利尔（Enlil）。这些神通常和某些特定的城市有关联。星神如沙玛什和辛也受人崇拜。美索不达米亚人是研究天体运动的老练的占星家。祭司也透过观察某些徵兆，特别是解读祭祀的动物内脏，来推断神的旨意。国王为主祭司，主持在春季举行的新年庆典，当新王上任时，还要庆祝神战胜了混沌势力。

English version：

Mesopotamian religions

Religious beliefs and practices of the Sumerians and Akkadians, and later of their successors, the Babylonians and Assyrians, who inhabited ancient Mesopotamia. The deities of Sumer were usually associated with aspects of nature, such as fertility of the fields and livestock. The gods of Assyria and Babylonia, rather than displacing those of Sumer and Akkad, were gradually assimilated into the older system. Among the most important of the many Mesopotamian gods were Anu, the god of heaven; Enki, the god of water; and Enlil, the earth god. Deities were often associated with particular cities. Astral deities such as Shamash and Sin were also worshiped. The Mesopotamians were skilled astrologers who studied the movements of the heavenly bodies. Priests also determined the will of the gods through the observation of omens, especially by reading the entrails of sacrificed animals. The king functioned as the chief priest, presiding at the new-year festival held in spring, when the kingship was renewed and the triumph of the deity over the powers of chaos was celebrated.