伯格(1907～1995年)

Burger, Warren E(arl)

美国大法官，生於明尼苏达州的圣保罗。毕业於圣保罗的法学院，曾在该地一着名律师事务所工作，并逐渐积极参与共和党事务。1953年任美国副总检察长，1955年被任命为哥伦比亚特区的美国上诉法院法官。他对案件所采取的保守而谨慎的处理方式，使他赢得尼克森总统的欣赏，因而在1969年提名他为美国最高法院首席大法官。与一般预料相反的，伯格并不打算推翻实践主义者在公民权问题和刑法方面所作决定的趋势，此种趋势乃是前任者华伦留传下来的主要作风。伯格在1966年的「米兰达诉亚利桑那州案」中，认为强迫性运载孩童上学是废除种族隔离的公立学校的可行方式，少数民族也应享有联邦政府补助和合约的配额。1973年伯格在最高法院对「罗伊诉韦德案」投下赞成票。伯格本人也关心司法行政方面的功能，致力於改善司法效率。1986年退休，1988年获总统自由奖章。

English version：

1907～1995年

Burger, Warren E(arl)

U.S. jurist. Born in St. Paul, Minn., he graduated from law school there, joined a prominent law firm, and became active in the Republican Party. He was appointed an assistant U.S. attorney general (1953) and named to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia (1955), where his conservative approach commended him to Pres. R. Nixon, who nominated him for chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1969. Contrary to the expectations of some, he did not try to reverse the tide of activist decisions on civil-rights issues and criminal law made during the tenure of his predecessor, Earl Warren. The Burger Court upheld the 1966 Miranda vs. Arizona decision, busing as a permissible means of racially desegregating public schools, and the use of racial quotas in the distribution of federal grants and contracts to minorities. Burger voted with the majority in Roe vs. Wade (1973). Actively interested in judicial administration, he became deeply involved in efforts to improve the judiciary's efficiency. He retired in 1986 and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1988.

参考文章

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