圣殿骑士团(Templar)，亦作Knight Templar。

十字军东征时成立的宗教军事团体。成立之初（1119年），圣殿骑士团由八、九个法国骑士组成，这些骑士致力於保护前往耶路撒冷的朝圣者不受穆斯林武士侵犯。他们在以前的耶路撒冷圣殿的旁边得到一住处，因此而得名。圣殿骑士团立誓保持简朴和忠贞，显示出极大的勇气。部分的由於拟订其生活原则的克莱尔沃的圣贝尔纳的宣传，该团的成员迅速增加。圣殿骑士团活跃了两个世纪，扩展到其他国家，人数增加到20,000，获取了大量的财富和财产。到1304年，对圣殿骑士团非宗教活动谣传和亵渎使他们成为迫害的目标。1307年法国的腓力四世和教宗克雷芒五世开始对圣殿骑士团的进攻，导致圣殿骑士团最後在1312年被镇压。圣殿骑士团的财产被没收，成员被关押或处死，其最後一任领袖莫莱（1243～1314），受火刑而死。

English version：

Templar

Member of a religious military order of knighthood established during the Crusades. At its beginning (c. 1119), the group consisted of eight or nine French knights who devoted themselves to protecting from Muslim warriors those on pilgrimage to Jerusalem. They were given quarters near the site of the former Temple of Jerusalem, from which they derived their name. Taking vows of poverty and chastity, they performed courageous service, and their numbers increased rapidly, partly because of the propagandistic writing of St. Bernard de Clairvaux, who also wrote their rule of life. They flourished for two centuries, expanding to other countries, growing in number to 20,000, and acquiring vast wealth and property. By 1304 rumors, probably false, of irreligious practices and blasphemies had made them the target of persecution. In 1307 Philip IV of France and Pope Clement V initiated the offensive that culminated in the Templars' final suppression in 1312, including the confiscation of all their property and the imprisonment or execution of many members; their last leader, Jacques de Molay (1243-1314), was burned at the stake.