图西人(Tutsi)

居住在卢安达和蒲隆地的非洲种族，传统上被归为尼罗人，人数有150万。他们代表着一个占少数人口的传统贵族阶层，这一阶层统治过人口众多的胡图人。图西人最初是好战的放牧人，在14或15世纪到达该地区，後来在德国和比利时殖民政权的帮助下同胡图人建立了主仆关系。处在这一政治金字塔形政体结构的顶端的是姆瓦米（mwami，国王），被视为神的传人。如今胡图人和图西人在文化上已有很大程度的融合，两个民族都操卢安达语和隆迪语，保留着相似的传统和／或基督教信仰。1961年以前图西人在卢安达一直保有对胡图人的统治地位，直到其君主被推翻。1972年胡图人在蒲隆地开展了一场不成功的暴动，导致10万人死亡，其中多数为胡图人。1993年在蒲隆地和1994年在卢安达发生了更严重的冲突，在卢安达的冲突中还发生了胡图人的种族大屠杀，导致总共100万人死亡，100万～200万胡图人被迫住进了萨伊（今刚果）和坦尚尼亚的难民营。

English version：

Tutsi

African ethnic group whose members, traditionally classed as Nilotes and numbering 1.5 million, live in Rwanda and Burundi. They represent a traditional aristocratic minority, which has dominated the more populous Hutu. Originally warrior-herders, the Tutsi entered the area in the 14th or 15th century and later, assisted by German and Belgian colonial regimes, cultivated a lord-vassal relationship with the Hutu. At the head of the pyramidal political structure was the mwami (“king”), considered to be of divine origin. Today Hutu and Tutsi cultures have largely become integrated, both speak Rwanda and Rundi and adhere to similar traditional and/or Christian religious beliefs. The Tutsi retained their dominant position over the Hutu in Rwanda until 1961, when the monarch was overthrown. An unsuccessful Hutu revolt in Burundi in 1972 led to 100,000 deaths, mostly Hutu. In 1993 in Burundi and in 1994 in Rwanda, further clashes occurred, the latter including a Hutu genocidal campaign in which over a million people in all were killed and 1-2 million Hutu forced into refugee camps in Zaire (now Congo) and Tanzania.