洛克希德－马丁公司(Lockheed Martin Corp.)

美国多元化经营的公司，也是世界最大的航太制造公司之一。1995年成立，由洛克希德公司（1926年成立，当时称洛克希德航空公司）及马丁－玛丽埃塔（1961年成立，当时由马丁公司和美国－玛丽埃塔公司合并而成）公司合并而成。第二次世界大战期间洛克希德公司成立了一个机密部门（以「科研重地」闻名），成为美国军机的领先研发者（如F-104战斗机、U-2和SR-71侦察机，以及F-117A隐形战斗机）。1970年代早期因生产L-1011三星商业客机而导致财政困难，後来靠联邦政府大量的贷款才免於破产。洛克希德公司後来致力於飞弹的开发，生产了「北极星」、「海神」、「三叉戟」等潜舰发射弹道飞弹。太空部门则完成哈伯太空望远镜的建造和系统整合。1990年代初，与波音公司合作，全力制造F-22猛禽式隐型战斗机（1997年首飞）。第二次世界大战後，马丁公司主要的生意是为美国政府研发火箭（如泰坦火箭）和电子系统。改名马丁－玛丽埃塔公司之後建造了「海盗号」火星登陆器、到金星探测的「麦哲伦号」，以及设计并生产太空梭的外挂燃料箱。1990年代中期洛克希德和马丁公司组建国际发射服务公司，与俄罗斯的恩纳吉亚公司、赫鲁尼切夫公司一起合作承揽商业性航空发射业务。

English version：

Lockheed Martin Corp.

U.S. diversified company that is one of the world's largest aerospace manufacturers. It was established in 1995 through the merger of Lockheed Corp. (formed 1926 as Lockheed Aircraft Co.) and Martin Marietta Corp. (formed 1961 from the merger of Martin Co. and American-Marietta Co.). During World War II, Lockheed established a secret division (“Skunk Works”) that became the leading U.S. developer of military aircraft (e.g., F-104 fighter, U-2 and SR-71 spy planes, and F-117A stealth fighter). In the early 1970s its financially troubled production of the L-1011 TriStar commercial jetliner necessitated its rescue from bankruptcy by massive U.S. government aid. Lockheed's work in missile development resulted in the Polaris, Poseidon, and Trident submarine-launched ballistic missile systems; in the space sector its activities included the construction and systems integration of the Hubble Space Telescope. In the early 1990s, in partnership with Boeing Co., it contracted to build the F-22 Raptor stealth fighter (first flown 1997). Martin Co.'s major business after World War II was the development of rockets (e.g., Titan) and electronics systems for the U.S. government. Later, as Martin Marietta, it constructed the Viking Mars landers and the Magellan spacecraft to Venus and designed and produced the external fuel tank for the space shuttle. In the mid-1990s Lockheed Martin formed a joint venture, International Launch Services, with the Russian firms Energia and Khrunichev to market commercial space launch services.