摩尔(1477～1535年)

More, St. Thomas

英国人文主义者和政治家。曾入牛津大学学习，1501年成为一名成功的律师。为了检验自己是否适合当神职人员，他曾居住在加尔都西会修院。曾任伦敦副司法长官（1510～1518），因公正无私受到伦敦人民的爱戴。摩尔撰写的杰作《理查三世》（1513～1518）和着名的《乌托邦》在包括伊拉斯谟斯在内的人文主义者中立即获得成功。1517年被任命为国王的顾问，并成为亨利八世的秘书和心腹。1523年4月被选为下议院议长。1529年摩尔出版了《关於异端的对话》驳倒异端的着作。当沃尔西下台（1529）後，摩尔继任其大法官的职位。他因拒绝承认亨利和凯萨琳的离婚而於1532年辞职。他还拒绝接受「最高权威法案」。1534年摩尔被指控叛国，囚禁在伦敦塔。在狱中，写了《安逸与苦难的对话》。1535年审讯後被判绞刑，旋由国王改为斩首。1935年被追諡为圣徒。

English version：

1477～1535年

More, St. Thomas

English statesman and humanist. He studied at Oxford and was successful as a lawyer from 1501, after living in a Carthusian monastery to test his vocation for the priesthood. He served as an undersheriff of London (1510-18) and endeared himself to Londoners as a fair judge and consultant. He wrote the notable History of King Richard III (1513-18) and the renowned Utopia (1516), an immediate success with the humanists, including Desiderius Erasmus. In 1517 More was named to the king's council, and he became Henry VIII's secretary and confidant. In 1523 he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. He wrote A Dialogue Concerning Heresies (1529) to refute heretical writings. After the fall of Cardinal Wolsey (1529), More succeeded him as lord chancellor, but he resigned in 1532 when he could not affirm Henry's divorce from Catherine. He also refused to accept the Act of Supremacy. In 1534 More was charged with high treason and imprisoned in the Tower, where he wrote his Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation. In 1535 he was tried and sentenced to death by hanging, which the king commuted to beheading. He was canonized in 1935.

参考文章

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• 高抗霜霉病鲜食葡萄品种――摩尔多瓦果树园艺
• 俄罗斯西北部联邦管区摩尔曼斯克州的历史沿革专项地理