肝炎(hepatitis)

肝脏的炎症。已知有七种病毒型肝炎（A～G型）：A型肝炎主要经由受粪便感染的食物传播。B型肝炎藉着性行为或注射传递，导致黄疸或感冒般的徵状。C型肝炎大部分因静脉药物注射共用针头而扩散，经漫长潜伏期後会导致肝硬化；直到最近才有血液测试可以检验出肝炎，许多人是经由输血才验出。D型肝炎仅在B型肝炎出现的情况下才变得活跃，会导致严重的慢性肝脏疾病。E型肝炎类似A型肝炎，经由受感染的食物或水传递，其徵状比A型肝炎严重，可能致死。F型肝炎病毒（HFV）首先在1994年见於报导，传播途经类似A型和E型肝炎。G型肝炎病毒（HGV）在1996年被分离出来，人们相信它造成了由性行为传递和血液载送的许多病例。G型肝炎病毒有急性和慢性两种类型，原本已经罹患C型肝炎的人常会受到感染。已有A型和B型肝炎的疫苗（後者也能预防D型肝炎），B型和C型肝炎的药物治疗不是每次都有效，其他类型可以不需要药物治疗。慢性的活动性肝炎会导致蛛网般和条纹的皮肤瘢痕，以及粉刺和毛发的异常生长。当病程进展到肝硬化时，会造成肝脏组织死亡（坏死）。酒精性肝炎起因於长期酗酒，藉着停止喝酒或喝酒量剧减等早期治疗，能够使情况逆转，并防止肝硬化。其他药物也能够导致非感染性肝炎。另有一种自动免疫肝炎，主要影响年轻女性，可藉由皮质脂酮纾解症状。

English version：

hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver. There are seven known types of viral hepatitis (A-G). Types A, spread mainly through food contaminated with feces, and B, transmitted sexually or by injection, cause jaundice and flulike symptoms. The hepatitis C virus spreads mostly by shared needles in intravenous drug use and can cause liver cirrhosis and cancer after a long latent period. Until recently there was no test to detect it in blood, and many people were exposed through blood transfusions. Hepatitis D becomes active only in the presence of type B; it causes severe chronic liver disease. Type E, like Type A, is transmitted by contaminated food or water; its symptoms are more severe than Type A's and can result in death. The hepatitis F virus (HFV), which was first reported in 1994, is spread like Type A and E. The hepatitis G virus (HGV), isolated in 1996, is believed to be responsible for many sexually transmitted and bloodborne cases of hepatitis. HGV causes both acute and chronic forms of the disease and often infects persons already infected with Type C. Vaccines exist for types A and B (the second also prevents type D). Drug treatment for B and C is not always effective. The other types may not need drug treatment. Chronic active hepatitis causes spidery and striated skin markings, acne, and abnormal hair growth. It results in liver tissue death (necrosis) progressing to cirrhosis. Alcoholic hepatitis, from long-term overconsumption of alcohol, can be reversed and cirrhosis prevented by early treatment including quitting or sharply reducing drinking. Other drugs can also cause noninfectious hepatitis. An autoimmune hepatitis affects mainly young women and is treated with corticosteroids to relieve symptoms.

参考文章

• 雏鸡发生肓肠肝炎的诊治报告鸡
• 肝炎灵注射液药学
• 鸡包涵体肝炎病因/病原鸡
• 一例鸡弧菌肝炎的诊疗鸡
• 为什么肝炎患者不宜吃罐头？饮食
• 怎样防治弧菌肝炎鸡
• 包涵体肝炎的的症状分析鸡
• 如何防治包涵体肝炎？鸡
• 鸡弯曲菌肝炎鸡
• 肝区痛就是肝炎吗皮肤科与传染