巴洛克建筑(baroque architecture)

源於16世纪晚期义大利的建筑风格，在某些地区延续至18世纪，特别是德国和殖民时期的南美洲。源於反宗教改革时期，当时天主教会开始在感情及感官上公然诉诸信仰。偏爱复杂的计画形状（常以椭圆形为基础）以及空间的动态对立和贯穿，以提升情绪及官能的感觉。其他特质是宏伟、戏剧性、对比（尤其在照明方面）、丰满匀称，也常把丰富的表面处理、扭曲的元素、镀金的雕像做出令人目眩的排列。建筑师毫不掩饰地应用亮色和梦幻而绘制生动的天花板。义大利杰出的建筑师包括贝尼尼、马代尔诺（Carlo Maderno, 1556～1629）、普罗密尼、瓜里尼（Guarino Guarini, 1624～1683）。在法国，古典元素抑制了巴洛克建筑；而在中欧，巴洛克风格较晚抵达，但在奥地利人费歇尔.冯.埃尔拉赫（J. B. Fischer von Erlach, 1656～1723）等建筑师的作品中欣欣向荣。它对英国的冲击可见於列恩的作品。巴洛克晚期风格常被称为洛可可风格，在西班牙和美洲的西班牙殖民地则称为丘里格拉风格。

English version：

baroque architecture

Architectural style originating in late-16th-century Italy and lasting in some regions, notably Germany and colonial South America, until the 18th century. It had its origins in the Counter-Reformation, when the Catholic Church launched an overtly emotional and sensory appeal to the faithful. Complex plan shapes, often based on the oval, and the dynamic opposition and interpenetration of spaces were favored to heighten the feeling of motion and sensuality. Other characteristic qualities are grandeur, drama and contrast (especially in lighting), curvaceousness, and an often dizzying array of rich surface treatments, twisting elements, and gilded statuary. Architects unabashedly applied bright colors and illusory, vividly painted ceilings. Outstanding practitioners in Italy include Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Carlo Maderno (1556-1629), Francesco Borromini, and Guarino Guarini (1624-1683). Classical elements subdued baroque architecture in France. In Central Europe, the baroque arrived late but flourished in the works of such architects as the Austrian J. B. Fischer von Erlach (1656-1723). Its impact in Britain can be seen in the works of Christopher Wren. The Late Baroque style is often referred to as Rococo or, in Spain and Spanish America, as Churrigueresque.