福克纳(1897～1962年)

Faulkner, William (Cuthbert)，原名William Cuthbert Falkner。

美国小说家。只上过两年高中和一年大学。但他博览群书，一生大部分在密西西比州的牛津度过。最有名的是以虚构的约克纳帕塔法（Yoknapatawpha）县为背景的一系列小说，这个县成为美国南方和其悲剧性的历史象徵。其第一部大型小说是《痴人狂喧》（1929），以实验性的创作技巧受人瞩目，包括意识流手法。他原本在欧洲的知名度比美国还高，直到出版了《在我弥留之际》（1930）、《八月之光》（1932）、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》（1936）和《去吧！摩西》（1942）之後，在国内的名声才开始窜高。1946年出版《袖珍本福克纳选集》，才打开他的作品销路，并在1949年获得诺贝尔文学奖。1950年的《小说集》获国家图书奖。他还写有电影剧本、一部戏剧和两卷诗集。无论在国内或国外（尤其是拉丁美洲），他是20世纪影响力最大的作家之一。

English version：

1897～1962年

Faulkner, William (Cuthbert)

U.S. writer. Born in New Albany, Miss., he dropped out of high school and only briefly attended college. He spent most of his life in Oxford, Miss. He is best known for his cycle of works set in fictional Yoknapatawpha Co., which becomes an emblem of the American South and its tragic history. His first major novel, The Sound and the Fury (1929), was marked by radical technical experimentation, including stream of consciousness. His American reputation, which lagged behind his European reputation, was boosted by As I Lay Dying (1930), Light in August (1932), Absalom, Absalom! (1936), and Go Down, Moses (1942), which contains the story “The Bear.” The Portable Faulkner (1946) finally brought his work into wide circulation, and he won the Nobel Prize in 1949. His Collected Stories (1950) won the National Book Award. He also wrote movie scripts, a play, and two volumes of poems. Both in the U.S. and abroad, especially in Latin America, he was among the most influential writers of the 20th century.