布莱希特(1898～1956年)

Brecht, Bertolt，原名Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht。

德国诗人、剧作家。在写出第一批剧作（包括《巴尔》〔1922〕）前，曾在慕尼黑习医（1917～1921）。其後陆续有作品发表，包括《人就是人》（1926），其中还包含大量的诗；和韦尔合写的讽刺轻歌剧《三分钱歌剧》（1928年首演，1931年拍成电影），使他获得第一次巨大成功；歌剧《马哈哥尼城的兴衰》（1930）及舞剧《七死罪》（1933）。这些年间，他成为马克思主义者，并发展出他的叙事剧理论。随着纳粹得势，他开始流亡生涯。最初到斯堪的那维亚（1933～1941），後来到美国，在这里完成他重要的随笔和戏剧作品，包括《大胆妈妈和她的孩子们》（1941）、《伽利略传》（1943）、《四川一好人》（1943）和《高加索灰阑记》（1948）。由於政治因素，他在1949年回到东德，在那里组织柏林剧团，演出自己的戏剧，如《阿图罗.魏的有限的发迹》（1957）。1949年完成有关戏剧理论的着作《戏剧浅论集》。

English version：

1898～1956年

Brecht, Bertolt

German playwright and poet. He studied medicine at Munich (1917-21) before writing his first plays, including Baal (1922). Other plays followed, including A Man's a Man (1926), as well as a considerable body of poetry. With K. Weill he wrote the satirical musicals The Threepenny Opera (1928; film, 1931), which gained him a wide audience, and The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (1930), and the dance-drama The Seven Deadly Sins (1933). In these years he became a Marxist and developed his theory of epic theater. With the rise of the Nazis he went into exile, first in Scandinavia (1933-41), then in the U.S., where he wrote his major essays and such plays as Mother Courage and Her Children (1941), The Life of Galileo (1943), The Good Woman of Sichuan (1943), and The Caucasian Chalk Circle (1948). Harassed for his politics, he returned to East Germany in 1949, where he established the Berliner Ensemble theater troupe and staged his own plays, including The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui (1957). He outlined his theory of drama in A Little Organum for the Theater (1949).