雪莱(1792～1822年)

Shelley, Percy Bysshe

英国浪漫派诗人。他是丰富财产的继承人，但却是个叛逆的青年，1811年因拒绝承认是《无神论的必要性》一书的作者而被牛津大学开除。就在同年的晚些时候，他与一个小旅馆老板的女儿哈丽叶.威斯特布鲁克私奔。逐渐地，他把对个人爱情与社会正义的热烈追求转入到诗歌创作中去。他的第一篇主要诗作《仙后麦布》（1813）是一部乌托邦式的政治史诗，表露出他进步的社会思想。1814年他与玛丽.戈德温（参阅Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft）一起私奔到法国；1816年哈丽叶投水身亡後，雪莱与玛丽.戈德温结婚。1818年他们移居义大利。脱离了英国的政治，他较少关注社会的改革，而更致力於在诗歌中表达他的思想。他编写了诗歌悲剧《钦契一家》（1819）以及他的经典之作歌剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》（1820），与他最好的一些较短的诗篇一起出版，包括〈西风颂〉和〈致云雀〉。《埃皮普锡乞狄翁》（1821）是一个关於精神恋爱的性欲望与艺术创作之间关系的但丁式寓言。《阿多尼斯》（1821）纪念济慈之死。雪莱在二十九岁时，乘船在义大利沿海航行，遭遇暴风雨而溺水身亡，留下他未完成的最後一部，可能也是最伟大的一部幻想诗《生命的凯旋》。

English version：

1792～1822年

Shelley, Percy Bysshe

English Romantic poet. The heir to rich estates, Shelley was a rebellious youth who was expelled from Oxford in 1811 for refusing to admit authorship of The Necessity of Atheism. Later that year he eloped with Harriet Westbrook, the daughter of a tavern owner. He gradually channeled his passionate pursuit of personal love and social justice into poetry. His first major poem, Queen Mab (1813), is a utopian political epic revealing his progressive social ideals. In 1814 he eloped to France with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin (see Mary Shelley); in 1816, after Harriet drowned herself, they were married. In 1818 the Shelleys moved to Italy. Away from British politics, he became less intent on social reform and more devoted to expressing his ideals in poetry. He composed the verse tragedy The Cenci (1819) and his masterpiece, the lyric drama Prometheus Unbound (1820), which was published with some of his finest shorter poems, including “Ode to the West Wind” and “To a Skylark.” Epipsychidion (1821) is a Dantesque fable about the relationship of sexual desire to spiritual love and artistic creation. Adonais (1821) commemorates the death of John Keats. Shelley drowned at 29 while sailing in a storm off the Italian coast, leaving unfinished his last and possibly greatest visionary poem, The Triumph of Life.