重建时期(1865～1877年)

Reconstruction

美国南北战争後解决前邦联州问题的时期。将南部十一个州重新组织的问题首先由林肯总统提出，他计画将这些至少有10%的选民同意忠於联邦的州重新编入联邦。这一仁慈的方法遭到通过韦德-戴维斯法案的激进共和党的反对。詹森总统延续了林肯的温和政策，但在南部实行了黑人法令并在北部要求实行更严格的立法制度而引发了1867年的重建法案。这些已经在南部建设起来的军事地区要求南部接受宪法的第14和15次修正案来保证自由人的民权。南方对强加的政府的仇恨包括对共和党、背毛毯包者、南方佬和自由人法案的法令导致了3K党和白山茶花骑士团等恐怖组织的出现。到了1870年代，保守的民主党再度几乎控制了所有的南部州政府。在重建时期往往被认为是一个腐败的时期同时，有许多具建设性的法律和教育改革被引进。

English version：

1865～1877年

Reconstruction

Period after the American Civil War affecting former Confederate states. Problems associated with readmitting the 11 Southern states were confronted first by Pres. Abraham Lincoln, who planned to readmit states in which at least 10% of the voters had pledged loyalty to the Union. This lenient approach was opposed by the Radical Republicans, who passed the Wade-Davis Bill. Pres. Andrew Johnson continued Lincoln's moderate policies, but enactment in the South of the black codes and demand in the North for stricter legislation resulted in the Reconstruction Acts of 1867. These established military districts in the South and required the Southern states' acceptance of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution to ensure the freedmen's civil rights. Southern resentment of the imposed government, which included Republicans, carpetbaggers, and scalawags, and of the activities of the Freedmen's Bureau led to the formation of such terrorist groups as the Ku Klux Klan and the Knights of the White Camelia. By the 1870s conservative Democrats again controlled most state governments in the South. While Reconstruction was often seen as a period of corruption, many constructive legal and educational reforms were introduced.