七月王朝(July monarchy)

法国历史上路易－腓力统治时期（1830～1848），始於七月革命以後。新的政权亦称「中产阶级君主政体」，倚赖以富裕中产阶级为中心的广大社会基础。下议院有二派兴起。由基佐领导的中右派与国王的政治信条相同，由梯也尔领导的中左派偏爱限制国王的角色。1830年代政治上不稳定，特色是君主派与共和派对政权的挑战，还有暗杀国王的企图。有几次劳工暴动发生，而路易－拿破仑（後称拿破仑三世）二度试图取得王权不成。约1840年起有一段明显稳定的时期。基佐献身於国王并致力维持现状，成为内阁中的关键人物。他施行高度保护性关税，造成经济繁荣，开启了法国的工业社会转型。在外交事务方面，政府与英国保持友善关系，并支持比利时独立。然而，1848年的全面骚动导致二月革命，七月王朝结束。

English version：

July monarchy

In French history, the reign of Louis-Philippe (1830-48), brought about by the July Revolution. Also known as the “bourgeois monarchy,” the new regime rested on a broad social base centered on the wealthy bourgeoisie. Two factions emerged in the Chamber of Deputies. The right-center faction, led by Francois Guizot, shared the king's political doctrines; the left-center faction, led by Adolphe Thiers, favored restricting the king's role. The 1830s were politically unstable, marked by challenges to the regime by the legitimists and republicans, as well as attempts to assassinate the king. There were several labor uprisings, and Louis-Napoléon (later Napoleon III) made two unsuccessful attempts to take the crown. A period of remarkable stability began c. 1840. Guizot, devoted to the king and preservation of the status quo, became the key figure in the ministry. He imposed high protective tariffs that resulted in an economic boom, beginning France's transformation to an industrial society. In foreign affairs, the regime maintained friendly relations with Britain and supported Belgian independence. However, in 1848 general unrest led to the February Revolution and the end of the July monarchy.