拉斯普廷(1872年～1916年)

Rasputin, Grigory (Yefimovich)，原名Grigory (Yefimovich) Novykh。

俄国神秘主义者，在沙皇尼古拉二世和皇后亚历山德拉宫廷中颇有影响力。他是一个目不识丁的农民，因其早年的放荡行为而得名「拉斯普廷」（即「淫棍」之意）。皈依宗教之後，以其能治病而在农民中获得了圣人的名声。因此为沙皇尼古拉和体弱的亚历山德拉所知，并被证明他可能是借助了催眠术这样的方法而能够为他们患有血友病的儿子止血。虽然不断有人报告他恶名昭着的放荡丑行，他仍然成为了宫廷中的宠臣。1915年尼古拉留下亚历山德拉处理内政，拉斯普廷在亚历山德拉对教会官员和无能的内阁大臣的任命上起了很大的影响。为了消除他带来的灾难，包括尤苏波夫亲王在内的一群贵族在经过了多次尝试之後终於成功的暗杀了他，先是下毒，然後枪击，最後将他扔进了结了冰的尼瓦河。几周後即发生了1917年俄国革命。

English version：

1872年～1916年

Rasputin, Grigory (Yefimovich)

Russian mystic influential at the court of the Tsar Nicholas II and Alexandra. An illiterate peasant, he earned the name rasputin (“debauched one”) for his early licentious behavior. After undergoing a religious experience, he gained a reputation among the peasants as a holy man, able to heal the sick. He became known to Nicholas and the susceptible Alexandra, and proved capable of stopping the bleeding of their hemophiliac son, probably by means of hypnotism. He became a favorite at court, despite reports of his continuing and flagrant debauchery. When Nicholas left Alexandra in charge of Russia's internal affairs in 1915, Rasputin influenced her appointment of church officials and incompetent cabinet ministers. After several attempts to remove his harmful influence, a group of noblemen including Prince Felix Yusupov assassinated him by successively poisoning him, shooting him, and finally throwing him into the ice-filled Neva River. The Russian Revolution of 1917 followed weeks later.