安道尔(Andorra)

正式名称为安道尔公国（Principality of Andorra）

欧洲东南部独立共治小公国。位於庇里牛斯山脉南坡，由一群高山峡谷组成，山间溪流汇成瓦利拉河；与西班牙、法国接壤。面积约480平方公里。人口约66,900（2001）。首都︰安道尔。居民多为西班牙人，少数为安道尔本地人。语言：加泰隆语（官方语）。宗教：天主教。货币︰法郎（F）；比塞塔（Pta）。

国富瓦伯爵和西班牙乌赫尔主教的联合主权之下，之後安道尔由西班牙乌赫尔主教和法国元首各派代表共同治理。这个欧洲最後的封建体制政府一直未受触动，直到1993年通过宪法，把共治君主的大部分权力转到安道尔最高议会，议员由人民普选产生。安道尔在传统上和加泰隆尼亚地区关系极为密切，其制度是根据加泰隆尼亚法律制定的，公国领地即是乌赫尔主教辖区的一部分。传统经济以牧羊为主。但从1950年代以来，旅游业变得很重要。

English version：

Andorra

Independent coprincipality, southeastern Europe. Lying on the southern slopes of the Pyrenees Mtns., it consists of a cluster of mountain valleys whose streams form the Valira River; it is bounded by Spain and France. Area: 180 sq mi (480 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 65,000. Capital: Andorra la Vella. Much of the population is Spanish; a minority is Andorran. Language: Catalan (official). Religion: Roman Catholicism. Currency: Spanish peseta, French franc. Andorra's independence is traditionally ascribed to Charlemagne, who recovered the region from the Muslims in 803. It was placed under the joint suzerainty of the French counts of Foix and the Spanish bishops of the See of Urgell in 1278, and it was subsequently governed jointly by the Spanish bishop of Urgell and the French head of state. This feudal system of government, the last in Europe, lasted until 1993, when a constitution was adopted that transferred most of the coprinces' powers to the Andorran General Council, a council elected by universal suffrage. Andorra has long had a strong affinity with Catalonia; its institutions are based in Catalonian law and it is part of the diocese of the See of Urgell (Spain). The traditional economy was based on sheepraising, but from the 1950s tourism has become very important.

参考文章

• 安道尔公国的历史沿革专项地理