威尔斯(1915～1985年)

Welles, (George) Orson

美国电影演员、导演、制片人。十六岁开始舞台表演，1934年开始在百老汇演出。曾为联邦戏剧计画导演《马克白》－－联邦戏剧计画的一部分，演员全部是黑人。1937年和约翰.豪斯曼共组墨丘利剧团，创作了一系列的广播剧。1938年演出由威尔斯（H. G. Wells）小说《星际战争》改编的广播剧，播放模拟的火星人入侵新泽西州的新闻，在千千万万听众中引起一场虚惊。他後来前往好莱坞发展。在《大国民》（1941）中以富於创新的叙事手法，运用摄影、布光和音乐推动剧情发展，制造所需要的气氛。该片为他自写、自导、自制作、自演，是艺术史上最具影响力的影片之一。他其他电影还有《安伯逊大族》（1942）、《陌生人》（1946）、《上海小姐》（1948）、《奥赛罗》（1952）、《审判》（1962）、《午夜钟声》（1966）、《历劫佳人》（1958）。由於和好莱坞片场间的问题，使他缩短了制片的时间移居欧洲。他在《简爱》（1944）、《黑狱亡魂》（1949）和《强制》（1959）演出亦令人称道。

English version：

1915～1985年

Welles, (George) Orson

U.S. film director, actor, and producer. Born in Kenosha, Wis., he began acting on stage at 16 and made his Broadway debut in 1934. He directed an all-black cast in Macbeth for the Federal Theater Project. In 1937 he and John Houseman formed the Mercury Theatre, creating a series of radio dramas, attempting to mount Marc Blitzstein's The Cradle Will Rock in the face of determined opposition, and winning notoriety with their panic-producing broadcast of War of the Worlds (1938). Welles then moved to Hollywood, where he cowrote, directed, produced, and acted in the classic Citizen Kane (1941), noted for its innovative narrative technique and atmospheric cinematography and considered the most influential movie in film history. His other films include The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), Journey into Fear (1943), The Stranger (1946), The Lady from Shanghai (1948), Othello (1952), The Trial (1963), Touch of Evil (1958), and Chimes at Midnight (1966). His problems with Hollywood studios curtailed future productions, and he moved to Europe. He was also notable as an actor in Jane Eyre (1944), The Third Man (1949), and Compulsion (1959).

参考文章

• 学习鲍威尔斯夫妇的健身精神保健养生