马萨林(1602～1661年)

Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal，原名Giulio Raimondo Mazarini。

义籍法国枢机主教和政治家。1627～1634年成为罗马教廷外交部人员，成功调停了法国和西班牙之间有关曼图亚王位继任问题的战争。他曾担任罗马教廷驻法国宫廷的大使（1634～1636）并对黎塞留枢机主教崇拜。在罗马教廷里，他尽力保护法国人的利益，後来加入法国官场并加入法国籍，成为法国公民（1639），还当上枢机主教（1641）。黎塞留（1642）和路易十三世（1643）相继过世後，奥地利的安娜任命马萨林为法国第一大臣，为路易十四世的摄政，并负责教育他。对这位年轻的国王来说，他是一位十分具有影响力的顾问，他帮助路易训练了一群能干的大臣。其外交政策帮助法国在欧洲强国中树立了至高的地位，并达成「西伐利亚和约」（1648）和「庇里牛斯和约」（1659）的签定。马萨林还是一个艺术赞助者，他建立了一所绘画和雕塑学院，并设立了一间大图书馆。

English version：

1602～1661年

Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal

Italian-French cardinal and statesman. A member of the papal diplomatic service (1627-34), he negotiated an end to the War of the Mantuan Succession between France and Spain. He served as papal nuncio to the French court (1634-36), where he admired Cardinal de Richelieu. He worked for French interests in the papal court, then entered the service of France and became a naturalized French citizen (1639) and a cardinal (1641). After the deaths of Richelieu (1642) and Louis XIII (1643), Mazarin was appointed first minister of France by Anne of Austria, regent for Louis XIV, and he directed Louis's education. A highly influential adviser to the young king, he helped train a staff of able administrators. His foreign policy established France's supremacy among the European powers, effecting the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659). A patron of the arts, Mazarin founded an academy of painting and sculpture and compiled a large library.