摩尔多瓦(Moldova)

正式名称摩尔多瓦共和国（Republic of Moldova）

欧洲中部巴尔干地区东北部的共和国。与乌克兰和罗马尼亚为邻。面积33,700平方公里。人口约4,431,000（2001）。首都︰基什尼奥夫。绝大多数人民是摩尔多瓦人，聂斯特河以东的外聂斯特区有许多俄罗斯人和乌克兰人在此居住。语言︰罗马尼亚语（官方语）、俄罗斯语、乌克兰语。宗教︰东正教。货币︰列伊（leu）。摩尔多瓦位於聂斯特河和普鲁特河之间，是个肥沃的地区；北部和中部地区是该国的森林地带。经济以农业为主，生产葡萄、冬麦、玉蜀黍和乳制品；工业集中在食品加工。政府形式为共和国，一院制。总统是国家元首，总理为政府首脑。

今日摩尔多瓦地区包含了普鲁特河以东的摩尔多瓦公国部分地区（1940年以前是罗马尼亚的一部分），後与南部黑海沿岸的比萨拉比亚地区合并（参阅Moldavia的历史部分）。1940年这两个地区联合组成摩达维亚苏维埃社会主义共和国。1991年摩达维亚宣布脱离苏联独立，仍以罗马尼亚语的拼法称摩尔多瓦，使用较早的罗马文字，而非西里尔字母。该共和国在1992年得到联合国承认，1990年代一直为使经济好转而努力。

English version：

Moldova

Republic, northeastern Balkan region of central Europe. It is bordered by Ukraine and Romania. Area: 13,000 sq mi (33,700 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 4,362,000. Capital: Chisinau. The majority of the people are ethnic Moldovans, although in the Transdniester region, east of the Dniester River, there are large numbers of Russians and Ukrainians. Languages: Romanian (official), Russian, Ukrainian. Religion: Eastern Orthodoxy. Currency: leu. Most of Moldova is a fertile region lying between the Dniester and Prut rivers; the northern and central regions of the country are forested. The economy is based on agriculture; the major farm products are grapes, winter wheat, corn, and dairy products. Industry is centered on food processing. It is a republic with one legislative body; its head of state is the president, and the head of government is the prime minister. The area of present-day Moldova consists of that part of the principality of Moldavia lying east of the Prut River (part of Romania before 1940) and, adjoining it on the south, the region of Bessarabia along the Black Sea coast. (See Moldavia for history prior to 1940.) The two regions were incorporated as the Moldavian S.S.R. in 1940. In 1991 Moldavia declared independence from the Soviet Union. It adopted the Romanian spelling of Moldova and had, earlier, legitimized use of the Roman rather than the Cyrillic alphabet. The republic was admitted to the UN in 1992. During the 1990s it struggled to find economic equilibrium.

参考文章

• 摩尔多瓦葡萄在洛阳地区的引种表现果树园艺
• 摩尔多瓦共和国的历史沿革专项地理
• 高抗霜霉病鲜食葡萄品种――摩尔多瓦果树园艺