门罗(1758～1831年)

Monroe, James

美国第五任总统（1817～1825）。曾在美国革命中作战，并同杰佛逊学习法律。曾国会议员（1783～1786）、参议员（1790～1794），反对华盛顿政府。尽管如此，他仍成为了美国派往法国的公使（1794～1796），并使法国人对美国政策的理解产生误导作用，因此被召回。1799～1802年间担任维吉尼亚总督，1803年促使杰佛逊派他前往法国协商路易斯安那购地（1803），然後被任命为英国公使（1803～1807）。1811年返回维吉尼亚，在任总督，但後辞职，改任美国国务卿（1811～1817）和陆军部长（1814～1815）。他曾连任两届总统，在和睦时期统治美国。他监督米诺尔战争（1817～1818），并认为佛罗里达是可以得到的（1819～1821），并签定了密苏里妥协案（1820）。他同亚当斯一起发展了美国的外交政策，後称为「门罗主义」。

English version：

1758～1831年

Monroe, James

Fifth president of the U.S. (1817-25). Born in Westmoreland Co., Va., he fought in the American Revolution and studied law under Thomas Jefferson. He served in the Congress (1783-86) and U.S. Senate (1790-94), where he opposed George Washington's administration. He nevertheless became U.S. minister to France (1794-96), where he misled the French about U.S. politics and was recalled. He served as governor of Virginia 1799-1802. Pres. Jefferson sent him to France, where he helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase (1803), then named him minister to Britain (1803-7). He returned to Virginia and became governor (1811), but resigned to become U.S. secretary of state (1811-17) and secretary of war (1814-15). He served two terms as president, presiding in a period that became known as the Era of Good Feelings. He oversaw the Seminole War (1817-18) and the acquisition of the Floridas (1819-21), and signed the Missouri Compromise (1820). With secretary of state John Quincy Adams, he developed the principles of U.S. foreign policy later called the Monroe Doctrine.

参考文章

• 什么叫门罗主义？它的实质是什么？地理知识