太阳能供暖(solar heating)

利用日光加热建筑物室内的水或空气。有被动法和主动法两种。被动供暖法依靠建筑设计向建筑物供暖，建筑物的位置、结构和材料，全可利用来尽量加强所受日照的供暖（和照明）效果，从而降低甚至取消燃料的需要量。例如，保温良好并具有南向大玻璃窗的建筑物，可在晴天有效地捕获热量，并减轻对瓦斯、石油（取暖用）或电能（照明用）的依赖；砖、石头或者瓦片墙壁表面可以吸收太阳能源，然後（通常是几个小时之後）向房间内部辐射。主动供暖法则是利用机械方法贮存、聚集和在建筑物内分配太阳能。在液基系统中，外部黑色的金属板吸收阳光，捕获热量，然後由载热流体传递，也可将载热流体泵送通过受到由反射镜聚焦（从而聚光）的大量日光照射的已排空的玻璃管或一定体积的空间。载热流体吸收来自集能器的热量後，热流体经过泵的作用隔离的储蓄罐。这个系统可以由储蓄罐为家庭提供热水或者用流经地板和屋顶的水管中的流水为空间供暖。

English version：

solar heating

Use of solar radiation to heat water or air in buildings. There are two types: passive and active. Passive heating relies on architectural design; the building's siting, orientation, layout, materials, and construction are utilized to maximize the heating effect of sunlight falling on it. A well-insulated building with a large south-facing window, for instance, can trap heat on sunny days and reduce reliance on gas, oil, or electricity. Brick, stone, or tile capacity walls are often incorporated to absorb the sun's energy and radiate it into the interior, usually after a time lag of several hours. In active solar heating, mechanical means are used to collect, store, and distribute solar energy. In liquid-based systems, a blackened metal plate on the exterior absorbs sunlight and traps heat, which is transferred to a carrier fluid. Alternatively, fluid may be pumped through a glass tube or volume of space onto which sunlight has been focused by mirrors. After picking up heat from the collector, the warm fluid is pumped to an insulated storage tank. The system can supply a home with hot water from the tank or provide space heating with the warmed water flowing through tubes in floors and ceilings.