特伦托会议(1545～1563年)

Trent, Council of

罗马天主教会的第十九次普世会议，该次会议进行了彻底的改革，规定和阐明几乎所有新教徒们所争议的教义。这次会议由教宗保禄三世主持，在义大利北部的特伦托召开，目的是重振欧洲各国的罗马天主教会。第一阶段会议（1545～1547）接受「尼西亚信经」为天主教信仰的依据，确定《旧约》和《新约》正典卷目，确定七项圣事，阐明原罪的本质和後果。会议驳斥马丁.路德所提出仅因信就得称义的观点。第二阶段会议（1551～1552）确定圣餐变体的教义，确定主教许可权和神职人员纪律。第三阶段（1562～1563）会议规定弥撒为真正的祭礼以及其他一系列问题的教义。到16世纪末，许多促使新教徒进行宗教改革运动的弊端已不复存在，教会又重新召回许多欧洲信徒。

English version：

1545～1563年

Trent, Council of

19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic church, which made sweeping reforms and laid down dogma clarifying nearly all doctrines contested by the Protestants. Convened by Pope Paul III at Trento in northern Italy, it served to revitalize Roman Catholicism in many parts of Europe. In its first period (1545-47) it accepted the Nicene Creed as the basis of Catholic faith, fixed the canon of the Old and New Testaments, set the number of sacraments at seven, and defined the nature and consequences of original sin; it also ruled against Martin Luther's doctrine of justification by faith. In its second period (1551-52) it confirmed the doctrine of transubstantiation and issued decrees on episcopal jurisdiction and clerical discipline. In the final period (1562-63) it defined the mass as a true sacrifice and issued statements on several other doctrinal issues. By the end of the 16th century, many of the abuses that had motivated the Protestant Reformation had disappeared, and the church had reclaimed many of its European followers.