亚奎丹的埃莉诺(1122年～1204年)

Eleanor of Aquitaine

法王路易七世（1137～1152）和英王亨利二世（1152～1204）的王后，是12世纪欧洲最有权势的女人。她继承了亚奎丹公爵领地，与法国王储（即後来的路易七世）结婚。她美丽、任性和意志坚强，1147～1149年随路易进行第二次十字军东征，她的行径令路易心生不满。虽然与路易生了两个女儿，他们还是在1152年离婚，之後她嫁给亨利，不久亨利即位，封号为亨利二世。这次婚姻使英格兰、诺曼第和法国西部纳入亨利的统治范围。她为亨利生了五子三女，其中包括英王理查一世和约翰，三个女儿都嫁给其他的欧洲王室。她在普瓦捷的宫廷成为一个文化中心，游吟诗人（troubadour）的诗盛行一时。1173年她可能支持诸子反对父王但事迹败露而被捕、囚禁，一直到亨利过世（1189）。理查一世在位时她又活跃於政坛，在他率领十字军东征期间执掌朝政，并从奥地利公爵手中赎回理查。1199年理查死後，约翰继位，她为约翰挡住了法国的威胁，拯救了安茹（Anjou）和亚奎丹，後来隐退到一所修道院。

English version：

1122年～1204年

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Queen consort of Louis VII of France (1137-52) and Henry II of England (1152-1204), the most powerful woman of 12th-century Europe. She inherited the duchy of Aquitaine and married the heir to the French throne. Beautiful, capricious, and strong-willed, she accompanied Louis on the Second Crusade (1147-49), and her conduct aroused his jealousy. The marriage was annulled (1152) despite the existence of their two daughters, and she married Henry Plantagenet, soon to be Henry II; the marriage united England, Normandy, and western France under his rule. She bore Henry five sons, including Richard I the Lionheart and John Lackland, and three daughters who married into other royal houses. Her court at Poitiers became a center of culture, fostering the poetry of the troubadours. She may have spurred her sons to revolt against Henry (1173); when the rebellion failed she was captured and confined until his death (1189). She was active in government during the reign of Richard I, ruling during his crusade to the Holy Land and ransoming him from Austria. After Richard died (1199) and John became king, she saved Anjou and Aquitaine for John against French threats, then retired to a monastery.