黎巴嫩内战(1975～1991年)

Lebanese civil war

冲突源起於1970年代巴勒斯坦解放组织的出现，并因为黎巴嫩基督教与回教人士的紧张情势而加剧。1975年黎巴嫩回教徒支持巴勒斯坦解放组织并寻求更多的政治权力；该国的基督教徒设法维持他们的政治主导权而反对巴勒斯坦解放组织。教派间强烈的对抗从1976年初展开，黎巴嫩因为基督教徒在北方握有实权，回教徒则在南方，所以该国实质上已变成分裂状态。以色列在1982年入侵黎巴嫩南部摧毁巴勒斯坦人的基地；巴勒斯坦解放组织的领袖和军队被驱离贝鲁特城外，到了1985年，以色列从黎巴嫩大部分地区撤离，接着因为是否接受叙利亚领导政权而产生内部分裂。1989年基督教领袖米凯奥恩（Michel Aoun）将军试图将叙利亚人逐出黎巴嫩，但被击败，而阿拉伯联盟调解达成一项和平协议；他在1990年被罢黜，为1989年的和平协议除去最大的障碍。在黎巴嫩南部，以色列与希兹布拉族人部队之间的战斗，一直持续到1990年代。

English version：

1975～1991年

Lebanese civil war

Conflict resulting from the presence in Lebanon in the 1970s of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and exacerbated by tensions among Lebanon's Christian and Muslim populations. In 1975 Lebanon's Muslims supported the PLO and sought more political power; its Christians, seeking to maintain their political dominance, opposed the PLO. The factions fought fiercely through early 1976, and Lebanon became effectively partitioned, with the Christians in power in the north and Muslims in the south. Israel invaded southern Lebanon in 1982 to destroy Palestinian bases; PLO leaders and troops were driven out of Beirut, and by 1985 Israel had withdrawn from most of Lebanon, which by then was split internally over whether to accept Syria's leadership. In 1989 the Christian leader Gen. Michel Aoun attempted to drive Syria from Lebanon but was defeated, and the Arab League mediated a peace deal; his removal from power in 1990 eliminated the largest obstacle to implementing the 1989 peace. In southern Lebanon, fighting between Israeli and Hizbullah forces continued through the 1990s.