日本的占领(1945～1952年)

Occupation (of Japan)

日本在第二次世界大战中战败而遭到占领。理论上这是一次国际的占领行动，实际上却几乎全由麦克阿瑟将军一手执行。这次占领监督着日本士兵及平民从外国遣返，解除了军武工业，并释放政治犯。战时领导人因战争罪而受审，其中七人遭到处决。新的宪法赋予人民权力，取代了明治宪法，其中日本声明无权发动战争，天皇被降至仪式地位，而妇女有了选举权。占领时期也进行土地改革，减少农民数量，其中佃农比例从46%减至10%，并开始解散财阀。工会最初受到鼓励，但由於害怕左翼组织随着冷战到来而成长，後来支持政府强力控制劳工。被视为精英主义的教育体系往美国体系的方向修正。1947年虽然美国想要结束占领，苏联却否决了一项和平条约，而在1951年另外签约，翌年才结束占领。

English version：

1945～1952年

Occupation (of Japan)

Occupation of Japan after its defeat in World War II. Theoretically an international occupation, in fact it was carried out almost entirely by Gen. Douglas MacArthur. The Occupation oversaw the repatriation of Japanese soldiers and civilians abroad to Japan, the dismantling of arms industries, and the release of political prisoners. Wartime leaders stood trial for war crimes and seven were executed. A new constitution, vesting power in the people, replaced the Meiji Constitution; in it Japan renounced its right to wage war, the emperor was reduced to ceremonial status, and women were given the right to vote. The Occupation also carried out land reform, reducing the number of farmers who were tenants from 46% to 10%, and began the breakup of the zaibatsu. Labor unions were initially encouraged; as fears of leftist organizations grew with the advent of the Cold War, stronger governmental control of labor was supported. The education system, seen as elitist, was revised to resemble the U.S. system. Though the U.S. wanted to end the Occupation in 1947, the Soviet Union vetoed a peace treaty; in 1951 a treaty was signed, and the Occupation ended the following year.