巴伐利亚(Bavaria)

德语作拜恩（Bayern）

德国南部一州（1996年人口约11,996,000）。西元前1世纪罗马人征服该地（参阅Noricum和Raetia），西元788年为查理曼所夺，把巴伐利亚并入其帝国版图，成为神圣罗马帝国的大公国之一。三十年战争中，在马克西米连一世的统治下，巴伐利亚领导了天主教联盟。18世纪在规模更大的战争中，巴伐利亚屡遭侵略破坏。1871年加入德意志帝国，但保有王国地位。1918年国王被推翻，经过短暂的不安定时期，巴伐利亚於1919年加入威玛共和。1920年代希特勒在这里拥有第一个权势基地。1946年采用一部新宪法，1949年成为德意志联邦共和国的一州。长期以来是德国天主教的大本营。州内大城市包括首府慕尼黑、奥格斯堡、纽伦堡。风景名胜有巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山、黑森林和波希米亚森林。巴伐利亚以其优美的山峦起伏景色和迷人的村庄着称。

English version：

Bavaria

State (pop., 1996 est.: 11,996,000), southern Germany. Conquered by the Romans in the 1st century BC (see Noricum and Raetia), the area was taken by Charlemagne and incorporated into his empire in 788. It became one of the great duchies of the Holy Roman Empire. Under Maximilian I, Bavaria led the Catholic League in the Thirty Years' War. It was overrun repeatedly in the context of larger wars in the 18th century. It joined the German empire in 1871, while remaining a kingdom. The king was overthrown in 1918; after a brief period of instability, Bavaria joined the Weimar Republic in 1919. Adolf Hitler had his first power base there in the 1920s. It adopted a new constitution in 1946, and became a state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949. It has long been Germany's most Roman Catholic area. Its largest cities are Munich (its capital), Augsburg, and Nürnberg. Notable regions include the Bavarian Alps, the Black Forest, and the Bohemian Forest. Bavaria is famous for the beauty of its rolling landscape and the charm of its villages.

参考文章

• 德国巴伐利亚州慕尼黑的历史沿革专项地理