本-古里安(1886～1973年)

Ben-Gurion, David，原名David Gruen。

以色列首任总理。生於波兰，父亲是「爱犹太人」运动领导人。1906年移民至奥图曼帝国统治的巴勒斯坦，为重建犹太人之国而奋斗。第一次世界大战爆发，被鄂图曼政府逐出巴勒斯坦之後，他前往纽约并在这里结婚。在《巴尔福宣言》发表後，本-古里安加入英军的犹太军团回中东。在1920年代和1930年代，他领导了几个政治组织，包括世界犹太复国主义最高指导机构--犹太局（Jewish Agency）。後来英国改变亲犹太的立场，限制犹太人向巴勒斯坦移民，本-古里安於是号召犹太人反英。以色列国成立後，本-古里安当选第一任总理兼国防部长。他成功的解散了抗击英军的地下部队，把他们改组为国防军，以抵御阿拉伯的攻击。虽不受英、美的欢迎，但他在阿尔及利亚战争和苏伊士危机时得到法国的支持。本-古里安於1963年辞职。亦请参阅Arab-Israeli Wars。

English version：

1886～1973年

Ben-Gurion, David

First prime minister of Israel. Born in Poland to a Zionist father, he emigrated to Ottoman-ruled Palestine in 1906, hoping to fulfill the Zionist aspiration of rebuilding the Jewish state. Expelled from the Ottoman empire at the outbreak of World War I, he traveled to New York, where he married. Following the Balfour Declaration, he joined the British army's Jewish Legion and returned to the Middle East. In the 1920s and '30s he led several political organizations, including the Jewish Agency, world Zionism's highest directing body. As Britain became more sympathetic to Palestinian Arabs, restricting Jewish immigration to Palestine, he called on the Jewish community to rise against Britain. On the establishment of the state of Israel, he became prime minister and minister of defense. He succeeded in fusing the underground armies that had fought the British into a national army, which he used successfully against Arab attacks. Unpopular with Britain and the U.S., he found an ally in France during the Algerian War and the Suez Crisis. He resigned in 1963. See also Arab-Israeli Wars.