柏克莱(1685～1753年)

Berkeley, George，亦称柏克莱主教（Bishop Berkeley）。

爱尔兰主教、哲学家和社会活动家。1713年以前主要在都柏林三一学院工作，1734～1752年担任克伦区主教。以他的论点出名：对於物质的客体，存在就是被感知。他的宗教天职可能方便他胜任这个职位，因为他声称即使人类对一个客体没有感知，然而上帝能感知，因而在不被任何有限的存在所感知时，也能保证物理世界的继续存在。他与洛克和休姆一起，是现代经验主义的创始人。与洛克不同，他不相信在思维之外存在任何物质的东西，客体只是感觉资料的集合。他的作品包括《视觉新论》（1709）、《人类和知识原理》（1710）以及《希勒斯和斐洛诺斯三篇对话》（1713）。有一段时期他待在美国，在那里鼓吹教育印第安人和黑人。加州大学柏克莱分校就是以他的名字命名的。

English version：

1685～1753年

Berkeley, George

Irish bishop, philosopher, and social activist. He worked principally at Trinity College, Dublin (to 1713), and as bishop of Cloyne (1734-52). He is best known for his contention that, for material objects, to be is to be perceived (“Esse est percipi”). His religious calling may have facilitated his qualifying his position by claiming that, even if no human perceives an object, God does, thereby ensuring the continued existence of the physical world when not perceived by any finite being. With John Locke and David Hume, he was one of the founders of modern empiricism. Unlike Locke, he did not believe that there exists any material substance external to the mind, but rather that objects exist only as collections of sense-data. His works include An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision (1709), Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710), and Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous (1713). He spent part of his career in America, where he advocated educating Indians and blacks. Berkeley, Cal., is named for him.