柴契尔(1925年～)

Thatcher, Margaret

受封为Baroness Thatcher (of Kesteven)，原名Margaret Hilda Roberts。

英国政治人物和首相（1970～1990）。曾就读於牛津大学并获得多项学位，後从事化学研究工作。1951年与丹尼斯.柴契尔结婚後，她开始学习法律并专门研究税法。1959年柴契尔当选为议员，後担任英国教育和科学大臣（1970～1974）。作为英国保守党新式右翼团体的一份子，柴契尔於1975年继奚斯後成为该党的主席（1975）。1979年柴契尔成为英国第一位女首相。柴契尔主张更多的个人独立，反对劳工联合，完成国营企业私有化，并支持医疗和教育机构私有化；同时还制定了严格的货币政策并签署协定加入北约组织。1983年柴契尔再次当选为英国首相，此次当选成功应部分归功於其在福克兰群岛战争中英明决策。保守党内部关於她的欧洲货币和政治一体化政策的分裂，最终导致她於1990年辞去职务。

English version：

1925年～

Thatcher, Margaret

British politician and prime minister (1979-90). She earned degrees at Oxford Univ., then worked as a research chemist. After her marriage to Denis Thatcher (1951), she read for the bar and specialized in tax law. She was elected to Parliament in 1959 and served as secretary of state for education and science 1970-74. As a member of the Conservative Party's newly energetic right wing, she succeeded Edward Heath as party leader in 1975. In 1979 she became Britain's first woman prime minister. She advocated individual initiative, confronted the labor unions, privatized national industries and utilities and attempted to privatize aspects of health care and education, pursued a strong monetarist policy, and endorsed a firm commitment to NATO. Her landslide victory in 1983 owed partly to her decisive leadership in the Falkland Islands War. A split in party ranks over European monetary and political integration led to her resignation in 1990.