库图佐夫(1745～1813年)

Kutuzov, Mikhail (Illarionovich)

後称Prince Kutuzov，原名Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov。

俄国陆军司令官。是位职业军官，1805年被任命为俄奥联军司令，抗击法军向维也纳的进攻。乌尔姆战役中奥军被击败，他下令撤退，使军队免於损失，但亚历山大一世卷入了奥斯特利茨战役（1805）与法军交战，结果大败，库图佐夫被指责应负部分责任。1812年拿破仑一世的军队进入俄国後，在公众的压力下，亚历山大任命库图佐夫为总司令。打了几仗小战役後，他被迫投入不分胜负的博罗季诺战役。当拿破仑带着他的军队撤离莫斯科时，库图佐夫逼使法军沿着它入侵时破坏的原路线离开俄国，进入普鲁士，不用再打另一场大战役就摧毁了敌军。他是同时代中最好的俄国指挥官，是托尔斯泰所写的《战争与和平》中的主要人物。

English version：

1745～1813年

Kutuzov, Mikhail (Illarionovich)

orig.Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-KutuzovRussian army commander. A career army officer, in 1805 he was given command of the joint Russian-Austrian army that opposed the French advance on Vienna. Following Austria's defeat in the Battle of Ulm, he retreated and preserved his army intact, but Alexander I engaged the French at the Battle of Austerlitz (1805), for which disaster Kutuzov was partly blamed. After Napoleon's army entered Russia in 1812, public pressure made Alexander appoint Kutuzov commander in chief. After waging minor engagements, he was forced to fight the inconclusive Battle of Borodino. When Napoleon led his troops in retreat from Moscow, Kutuzov forced the French army to leave Russia along the path it had devastated when it entered the country. He pursued the French into Prussia, destroying his opponent without fighting another major battle. Considered the finest Russian commander of his day, he appears as a major character in Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace.