亚盖沃王朝(Jagiellon dynasty)

波兰-立陶宛、波希米亚和匈牙利的王族，在15和16世纪时是中东欧一个最有权势的家族。王朝由立陶宛大公亚盖沃创建，1386年他与波兰女王雅德维加（1373年～1399）结婚後，同时成了波兰国王弗瓦迪斯瓦夫二世。弗瓦迪斯瓦夫三世（1424～1444）时王朝扩大了势力，1440年还成了匈牙利国王。卡齐米日四世继承其位为王，他把儿子捧上了波希米亚的王位（1471）和匈牙利王位。然而在卡齐米日的儿子约翰.阿尔贝特（1459～1501）和亚历山大（1461～1506）统治时期，亚盖沃王朝的统治者在波兰已被贵族夺去了不少权力。1506年西格蒙德一世继承亚历山大之位时，他加强政治管理，并使条顿骑士团转变为世俗的普鲁士公爵领地（1525），且成为波兰的封地。1526年路易二世死後，结束了亚盖沃王朝在波希米亚和匈牙利的统治。1561年西格蒙德二世把利沃尼亚并入波兰，但他死後无嗣，亚盖沃王朝遂告结束（1572）。

English version：

Jagiellon dynasty

Family of monarchs of Poland-Lithuania, Bohemia, and Hungary that became one of the most powerful in E-central Europe in the 15th-16th century. It was founded by Jogaila, grand duke of Lithuania, who became Wladyslaw II Jagiello of Poland after marriage to Queen Jadwiga (1373?-1399) in 1386. Wladyslaw III (1424-1444) extended the dynasty by also assuming the throne of Hungary (1440). He was succeeded by Casimir IV, who placed his son on the thrones of Bohemia (1471) and Hungary. During the reigns of Casimir's sons John Albert (1459-1501) and Alexander (1461-1506), the Jagiellon rulers lost much of their power in Poland to the nobility. When Sigismund I succeeded Alexander in 1506, he strengthened the government and saw the Teutonic Order convert its lands into the secular Duchy of Prussia (1525), a Polish fief. In 1526 the death of Louis II ended Jagiellon rule in Bohemia and Hungary. In 1561 Sigismund II Augustus incorporated Livonia into Poland, but when he died, leaving no heirs, the Jagiellon dynasty ended (1572).