浪漫主义(Romanticism)

於18世纪在欧洲兴起的文学、艺术和哲学运动，大约持续到19世纪中叶。浪漫主义非常强调个人的自我意识，既是启蒙运动的延续，也是对它的一种反动。浪漫主义强调个性、主观、非理性、想像、个人、自发、情感、空幻及玄奥等取向。其看法如下︰对自然之美的深入欣赏；普遍将情感和感觉分别置於理性和智力之上；转向自我世界并对人的个性加强检视；对天才、英雄及突出人物的关注；创新地将艺术家视为至高无上的个体创作者；强调想像力为求得超凡经验和精神上的真谛的途径；对民间文化、民族与伦理文化起源及中世纪的浓厚兴趣；对异国、遥远、神秘、怪诞、玄奥、荒诞、疾病，甚至恶魔等题材的偏好。亦请参阅classicism、Transcendentalism。

English version：

Romanticism

Literary, artistic, and philosophical movement that began in Europe in the 18th century and lasted roughly until the mid-19th century. In its intense focus on the individual consciousness, it was both a continuation of and a reaction against the Enlightenment. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental. Among its attitudes were a deepened appreciation of the beauties of nature; a general exaltation of emotion over reason and of the senses over intellect; a turning in upon the self and a heightened examination of human personality; a preoccupation with the genius, the hero, and the exceptional figure; a new view of the artist as a supremely individual creator; an emphasis on imagination as a gateway to transcendent experience and spiritual truth; a consuming interest in folk culture, national and ethnic cultural origins, and the medieval era; and a predilection for the exotic, the remote, the mysterious, the weird, the occult, the monstrous, the diseased, and even the satanic. See also classicism and Transcendentalism.