佩脱拉克(1304～1374年)

Petrarch

义大利语作Francesco Petrarca

义大利学者、诗人和人文主义者。1326年後放弃学法律，转向其真正爱好的文学和宗教生活。他接受了一个小神职职位，搬到亚威农，1327年他在那儿第一次遇见萝拉（Laura），成为他写作纯洁的爱情和着名的义大利爱情抒情诗的理想化主题；其主要的十四行诗和颂诗作品写了超过二十年，大多数收录在他的《歌集》（1360）中。他是当年最伟大的学者，尤其在古典拉丁语方面，他旅行各地，遍访名士，搜集手稿，并从事外交使命。他极力倡导古典文化和基督教启示合一，在结合这两种理念上他被认为是人文主义的奠基人和伟大代表。他的拉丁着作反映了他的宗教和哲学兴趣，包括《名人传》（约始作於1337年）、叙事诗《阿非利加》（约始作於1338年）、自传体《佩脱拉克的秘密》（1342～1358）、《孤独生活》（1345～1347）和《诗体书简》（约始作於1345年）。1367年後他住在帕多瓦市或其附近。他对欧洲文学的影响是巨大和持久的，对古典历史的深刻认知成为现在的文学和哲学意义的源头，为文艺复兴打下重要的根基。

English version：

1304～1374年

Petrarch

Italian scholar, poet, and humanist. Born in Arezzo, after 1326 he abandoned the study of law for his true interests, literature and the religious life. He took minor ecclesiastical orders and moved to Avignon, where in 1327 he first saw Laura, the idealized subject of his chaste love and of his celebrated Italian love lyrics; mainly sonnets and odes written over about 20 years, most were included in his Canzoniere or Rime (1360). The greatest scholar of his age, especially of classical Latin, he traveled widely, visiting learned men, searching out manuscripts, and undertaking diplomatic missions. He strongly advocated the continuity between classical culture and the Christian message; in combining the two ideals he is considered the founder and a great representative of humanism. His Latin works, reflecting his religious and philosophical interests, include On Illustrious Men (begun c. 1337), the epic poem Africa (begun c. 1338), the autobiographical treatise Petrarch's Secret (written 1342-58), De vita solitaria (1345-47; “The Life of Solitude”), and Epistolae metricae (begun c. 1345; “Metrical Letters”). After 1367 he lived in and near Padua. His influence on European literature was enormous and lasting, and his deep consciousness of the classical past as a source of literary and philosophical meaning for the present was of great importance in paving the way for the Renaissance.