西班牙王位继承战争(1701～1714年)

Spanish Succession, War of the

因国王查理二世死後无嗣导致王位继承的争议从而引发的战争。查理二世是西班牙哈布斯堡王朝的末代国王，在世时曾提名法国波旁家族的腓力为其继承人。查理二世死後，法王路易十四世立腓力为西班牙国王，号腓力五世，同时进犯西属尼德兰。於是，在大同盟战争中一度形成的反法同盟於1701年再次复活，成员有英国、荷兰共和国和神圣罗马帝国，後者在此前1698年和1699年的分割条约中已经答应成为西班牙帝国的一部分。由马博罗公爵率领的英国军队在1794～1709年针对法国的一系列战争中取得了胜利，其中布伦海姆战役迫使法国撤出低地国家和义大利。另一位大英帝国的将军萨伏依的欧根也在几场战役中得胜。1711年反法联盟内部的争议导致联盟瓦解。1722年开始和平谈判。1713年乌得勒支条约的签署标志着英国的崛起，法国和西班牙则为此付出了代价。1714年又签署了拉施塔特和巴登条约。一系列条约的签署表明战争结束。

English version：

1701～1714年

Spanish Succession, War of the

Conflict arising from the disputed succession to the throne of Spain after the death of the childless Charles II. The Habsburg Charles had named the Bourbon Philip, duc d'Anjou, as his successor; when Philip took the Spanish throne as Philip V, his grandfather Louis XIV invaded the Spanish Netherlands. The former anti-French alliance from the War of the Grand Alliance was revived in 1701 by Britain, the Dutch Republic, and the Holy Roman emperor, who had been promised parts of the Spanish empire by earlier treaties of partition (1698, 1699). The English forces, led by the duke of Marlborough, won a series of victories over France (1704-9), including the Battle of Blenheim, that forced the French out of the Low Countries and Italy. The imperial general, Eugene of Savoy, also won notable victories. In 1711 conflicts within the alliance led to its collapse, and peace negotiations began in 1712. The war concluded with the Peace of Utrecht (1713), which marked the rise of the power of Britain at the expense of both France and Spain, and the Treaties of Rastatt and Baden (1714).