路易十六世(1754～1793年)

Louis XVI

法国大革命前波旁王朝的最後一代君主（1774～1792）。1770年与玛丽－安托瓦内特结婚。1774年在祖父路易十五世过世後继承王位。他意志薄弱，优柔寡断，未能对杜尔哥或内克等改革派大臣给予必要的支持，以稳定法国动摇的财政。1774年国会的恢复把权力转到贵族手中。贵族们反对财政总监卡洛纳所提出的经济改革，逼使国王在1788年召开三级会议，开始推动了大革命。路易受宫廷反动势力的支配，竭力维护教士和贵族的特权。1789在他开除内克并拒绝批准国民议会达成的决议。路易因抗拒大众的要求，使他和家人被迫从凡尔赛宫迁至巴黎的土伊勒里宫。1791年企图从首都出逃，更加丧失威信，後来在瓦雷纳被捉，押回巴黎。之後受王后控制，她怂恿路易以瞒骗的政策而不实现1791年宪法，这个宪法是他曾发誓要维持的。1792年巴黎市民和民兵包围了土伊勒里宫，宣布成立法兰西第一共和。後来找出他勾结外国人阴谋进行反革命活动的铁证，於是被关进监狱，进行审判。1793年判处死刑，被送上断头台。路易在审判和行刑时，一贯维持国王的尊严态度多少替他挽回了一点名声。

English version：

1754～1793年

Louis XVI

Last king of France (1774-92) in the Bourbon line preceding the French Revolution. In 1770 he married Marie-Antoinette, and in 1774 he succeeded to the throne on the death of his grandfather, Louis XV. Immature and lacking in strength of character, he was unable to give the necessary support to his ministers, including Anne Robert Jacques Turgot and Jacques Necker, in their efforts to stabilize France's tottering finances. Restoration of the Parlements in 1774 shifted power to the aristocracy. Aristocratic opposition to the economic reforms of Charles-A. de Calonne forced the king to summon the Estates General in 1788, setting the Revolution in motion. Dominated by the reactionary court faction, he defended the privileges of the clergy and nobility. He dismissed Necker in 1789 and refused to sanction the achievements of the National Assembly. His resistance to popular demands was one cause for the royal family's forcible transfer from Versailles to the Tuileries palace in Paris. He lost credibility further when he attempted to escape the capital in 1791 and was caught at Varennes and returned to Paris. Thereafter he was dominated by the queen, who encouraged him to a policy of subterfuge instead of implementing the Constitution of 1791, which he had sworn to maintain. In 1792 the Tuileries was captured by the people and militia, and the First French Republic was proclaimed. When proof of his counterrevolutionary intrigues with foreigners was found, he was tried for treason. Condemned to death, he went to the guillotine in 1793. His dignity during his trial and execution only somewhat redeemed his reputation.