高尔夫球(golf)

选手使用特殊球杆（限於14号以内）试图以最少杆数把表面有无数浅凹的小球依序打进室外球场上的9或18个连续坑洞的比赛。每个球洞包括：一、发球区，最初把球击向实际坑洞（或球穴）的空地；二、平坦球道，草皮经彻底剪修而常有弯角的长道；三、果岭，包含球洞的平坦绿地；四、一个或更多的自然或人工障碍物（例如沙坑）。每个球洞有相关的标准杆，通常为3～5杆。高尔夫球发源於苏格兰，比赛可以追溯到15世纪，球场原本是成群绵羊以特有之啃食方式把草裁短的草地。高尔夫球最初是木制品，17世纪时改为填入熟羽的皮革，19世纪时采用杜仲胶，到20世纪改为硬橡胶。球杆的传统名称是「铁杆」（主要用於中距离和短程击球）和「木杆」（主要用於长距离击球），如今铁杆大多以不锈钢制成，而木杆的头通常由钢或钛等金属制成。主要的男子比赛有美国公开赛、名人赛、英国公开赛、职业高尔夫球协会（PGA）锦标赛，赖德尔盃是重要的国际比赛。

English version：

golf

Game in which a player using special clubs (limited in number to 14) attempts to sink a small, dimpled ball with as few strokes as possible into each of the nine or 18 successive holes on an outdoor course. A hole includes (1) a teeing area, a clearing from which the ball is initially driven toward the actual hole, or cup; (2) a fairway, a long, closely mowed, and often angled lane; (3) a putting green, a smooth grassy area containing the hole; and (4) often one or more natural or artificial hazards (such as bunkers). Each hole has associated with it a par, or score standard, usually from par 3 to par 5. Golf developed in Scotland, where it was played as early as the 15th century; the courses were originally fields of grass that herds of sheep had clipped short in their characteristic grazing style. Golf balls were originally made of wood; wood was replaced in the 17th century by boiled feathers in leather, in the 19th century by gutta-percha, and in the 20th century by hard rubber. Clubs are known by the traditional names of “irons” (primarily for mid-range to short shots) and “woods” (primarily for longer shots); today irons are more likely made of stainless steel, and the heads of woods are usually made of metal such as steel or titanium. The principal men's tournaments include the U.S. Open, the Masters, the British Open, and the PGA championship. The Ryder Cup is an important international team tournament.

参考文章

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