密西西比(Mississippi)

美国中南部一州。面积123,514平方公里；首府杰克森。其地形景观从丘陵、松林覆盖的平原到河川低地。欧洲移民来此之前，这里是几种印第安部落的居住地，包括了乔克托人、纳切斯人和奇克索人。後成为法国控制的路易斯安那的一部分，比洛克西於1699年开始有人定居。北部地区在1783年让与美国；包括密西西比准州（1798年建立）在内的南部地区在1804年扩大到今日州的范围。1817年密西西比成为美国第二十州。1820年代发展出以利用奴隶工人的种植园为基础的经济形式。1861年该州退出联邦，美利坚邦联的总统戴维斯即来自该州。1863年联邦军占领维克斯堡是美国南北战争的转折点。1870年密西西比州重新获准加入联邦。1890年通过一部目的在阻挠重建的宪法，该州成为1960年代对抗种族隔离政策的战场。该州反对梅瑞迪斯进入密西西比大学就读的入学许可，导致1962年的暴动；当地民权领袖埃弗斯於1963年遭暗杀。1969年以後，联邦政府下令州的教育系统不得有种族差别之分，密西西比州长期以来有关种族的传统开始逐渐改善。今日，农产品是其经济基础，包括了棉花和大豆。制造业的产品则有纺织品和电机设备。人口约2,844,658（2000）。

English version：

Mississippi

State (pop., 1997 est.: 2,731,000), southern central U.S. It covers 47,689 sq mi (123,514 sq km); its capital is Jackson. Its landscape ranges from hills and pine woods to plains and river lowlands. Before European settlement, the area was inhabited by several Indian tribes, including the Choctaw, Natchez, and Chickasaw. It became part of French-controlled Louisiana, and Biloxi was settled in 1699. The northern portion was ceded to the U.S. in 1783; the southern portion was included in the Mississippi Territory (created 1798), which expanded in 1804 to include most of the present-day state. Mississippi became the 20th U.S. state in 1817. A plantation-based economy using slave labor developed in the 1820s. It seceded from the Union in 1861 and gave the Confederacy its president, Jefferson Davis. The Union capture of Vicksburg in 1863 proved a turning point in the American Civil War. It was readmitted to the Union in 1870 and adopted a constitution aimed at blocking Reconstruction in 1890. The state became a battleground in the struggle against racial segregation in the 1960s: the state's effort to block the admission of James Meredith to the University of Mississippi triggered riots in 1962; local civil rights leader Medgar Evers was murdered in 1963. After 1969, when the federal government ordered the integration of the state's segregated school system, Mississippi's long-standing racial traditions began a gradual change. Today, its economy is based on agricultural products, including cotton and soybeans. Manufactured goods include textiles and electrical equipment.

参考文章

• 密西西比纪MississippianPeriod地球科学
• 密西西比河为什么被叫做“众水之父”？地理知识
• 密西西比灰鸢的简介、外形特征、地理分布、生活环境、生活习性、生长繁殖、保护现状鸟类知识