卢瑟尔(1907～1970年)

Reuther, Walter (Philip)

美国劳工领袖。十六岁时在工具模具作坊当学徒。1930年代周游世界。在苏联汽车厂工作了两年後，产生出终生厌恶共产主义的情绪。在底特律成为当地的工会领袖，参与组织就地罢工，使美国联合汽车、航空和农机工人国际工会（UAW）成为汽车工业中的一支力量，而他本人在罢工期间受到了野蛮的人身攻击。1946年起担任美国联合汽车、航空和农机工人国际工会主席直到去世。在为工人争取提高工资和缩短工时的努力中，他是个有效的谈判能手。1952年成为产业联合会（CIO）的主席，促成了1955年美国劳联－产联合并。在劳联－产联中，他的权力仅次於米尼；然而，他们二人反覆发生冲突，部分原因是卢瑟尔坚决支援民权，反对越南战争。1968年卢瑟尔领导联合汽车工人工会退出了劳联－产联，与卡车司机工会组成了历时不长的联盟。後死於飞机失事。

English version：

1907～1970年

Reuther, Walter (Philip)

U.S. labor leader. Born in Wheeling, W.V., he became an apprentice tool- and diemaker at 16. He traveled around the world in the 1930s, developing a lifelong distaste for communism after spending two years in a Soviet auto factory. He became a local union leader in Detroit and helped organize sit-down strikes—during which he suffered brutal physical attacks—that made the United Automobile Workers (UAW) a power in the auto industry. As president of the UAW from 1946 until his death, he was an effective negotiator of wages-and-hours gains. He became president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in 1952 and was an architect of the AFL-CIO merger in 1955. He was second in power to George Meany at the AFL-CIO; however, their repeated clashes, partly stemming from Reuther's strong support for civil rights and opposition to the Vietnam War, resulted in Reuther's leading the UAW out of the AFL-CIO in 1968 and forming a short-lived federation with the Teamsters Union. He died in a plane crash.